第15届田径世锦赛(北京)男子三级跳远冠军泰勒18.21m起跳技术分析  

Analysis on Take-off Techniques of Taylor 18.21 Meter of the Men's Triple Jump Final Match in the 15th IAAF World Championships

作　　者：郑富强[1,2] 苑廷刚[2] 李爱东[2] 王国杰[2] 戴勇[1] 郭元奇[3] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学体育学院,山东济南250014 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [3]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2016年第6期99-106,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费专项(基本16-34)资助

摘　　要：采用现场拍摄、录像分析等方法,以第15届田径世锦赛三级跳远运动员泰勒（18.21m）为研究对象,分析＂平跳型＂三级跳远起跳技术的特征。研究结果：1）泰勒助跑倒2-1步速度分别为10.95m/s、11.78m/s,步长分别为2.41 m、2.12 m,质心移动距离分别为2.33m、2.08m。2）3次起跳速度利用率分别为96.90%、89.90%、88.46%,前两跳缓冲环节水平速度损失是蹬伸环节的4.29～4.65倍,离地瞬间垂直速度分别为2.02m/s、2.26m/s、2.74m/s。3）3次起跳时间分别为0.12s、0.14s、0.18s。4）3次起跳着地角度分别为73°、66°、68°,起跳角度分别为59°、63°、63°,离地瞬间膝关节角度分别为155.53°、155.78°、162.91°。5）3跳比例分别为33.15%、31.87%、34.98%,腾起角度分别为11°、14°、20°。研究结论：1）泰勒具有较强的速度能力,倒2-1步保持＂慢-快＂速度节奏,质心位移与步幅＂大-小＂节奏变化相吻合。2）3次起跳均保持较高速度利用率,下肢力量平衡而强劲。3）以较大着地角度、小起跳角度起跳,配合＂屈蹬＂离地方式将水平速度最大程度的保持到最后。4）泰勒本次试跳所呈现的是1名稳定的＂平跳型＂选手所具有的典型技术特征。Through using the method of site to shoot and video analysis,taking triple jump athlete Taylor as research subject.The results showed that 1）The approach velocity of the last two strides were 10.95m/s and 11.78m/s,the length of the last 2-1steps were 2.41mand2.12 m,the distance of the body＇s centre of mass were 2.33 m and 2.08 m.2）In the three jump phase,the speed utilization ratio were 96.90% and 89.90% and 88.46%,horizontal velocity loss of braking phases was 4.29~4.65 times as much as propulsive phases in the hop and step.At the moment of take-off,the vertical velocity were 2.02 m/s and 2.26 m/s and2.74 m/s respectively.3）Contact time in the three jump phase were 0.12 sand 0.14sand0.18 s.4）In the three jump phase,the angle of touchdown were 73°and 66°and 68°,the angle of extention were 59°and 63°and 63°.At the moment of take-off the angle of knee were155.53°and 155.78°and 162.91°respectively.5）In the three jump phase,the relative phase distances of Taylor were 33.15% and 31.87% and 34.98%,the angle of take-off were 11°and 14°and 20°respectively.Conclusions：1）Taylor has a strong speed ability,the speed rhythm of the last 2-1steps were ＂low-fast＂,the distance of the body＇s center of mass were coincident with the ＂ big-small＂ rhythm change of the stride.2）Taylor maintained a high speed utilization ratio in the three jump phase,his lower limb strength was balanced and strong.3）With big touchdown angle and small extention angle to take off and in the pattern of＂kneebend＂to the greatest extent to keep the speed to the end.4）This attempt of Taylor reflected the typical technical features of a stable balanced triple jumper.

关 键 词：田径 世锦赛 三级跳远 起跳 技术分析 泰勒 

分 类 号：G823.4[文化科学—体育训练]