水氮对薯田土壤水分及马铃薯产量的影响  

Effect of Different Amount of Drip Irrigation and Nitrogen on Soil Moisture and Potato Production

作　　者：买自珍[1] 杨彩玲[1] 米治明 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院固原分院,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2016年第11期28-31,35,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"西北干旱区现代马铃薯种薯产业发展关键技术研究与示范马铃薯种薯节水高效生产关键技术研究与集成示范"课题(2009BADC5B05);宁夏科技计划项目"特色作物高效节水新品种新技术集成与示范项目红葱丰产栽培综合配套技术研究与示范"(2013ZZN37-03)

摘　　要：以马铃薯品种冀张薯8号为供试材料,在宁夏半干旱区固原旱地进行了膜下不同滴灌量和施氮量对薯田土壤水分及马铃薯产量的影响试验研究。结果表明:膜下滴灌可明显提高0~40cm土层土壤水分,水肥一体化适时、适量供给马铃薯,为马铃薯块茎生长至快速膨大阶段创造了适宜的水肥环境条件,加之地膜覆盖保墒,使其在水肥最佳状态下生长发育,达到了节水、节肥、增产的作用。氮肥施肥量75~300kg/hm^2,膜下滴灌450m3/hm^2,土壤水分10.03%~17.97%,较225m3/hm^2处理增加80%~59.5%。优化出马铃薯膜下滴灌定额450m3/hm^2、氮肥225kg/hm^2最佳栽培模式,马铃薯产量2.630 175万kg/hm^2,较无氮肥处理增产36.95%,氮素生产效率31.54kg/kg,水分生产效率69.88kg/(hm^2·mm)。This experiment studies the effect of different amount of under film drip irrigation and nitrogen on soil moisture and potato production by using the type, Ji Zhang Potato No. 8 in the arid area of Ouyuan, Ningxia. The result shows that drip irrigation under plastic film can obviously improve the moisture of soil by 0-40 cm; applying water and fertilizer in its proper time and amount can create appropriate conditions for potato＇s fast growth from the stem to its expanding period; with the use of plastic film, potatoes are given the best conditions to grow, and the effect of saving water and fertilizer while increasing the production is reached; by using the nitrogen amount of 75-300 kg/hm2, and water of 450 ma/hm2, the soil moisture reaches 10. 03%-17. 97% and increases by 0.8%-5.95% when compared with the amount of 225 m3/hm2. Then the best mode of under film drip irrigation and nitrogen is gained, that is water amount of 450 m3/hm2, nitrogen of 225 kg/hm2 and the potato production can reach 26 301.75 kg/hm2 and in- creased by 36. 95% when compared with the condition without nitrogen, the producing efficiency of nitrogen is 31.54, and that of water is 69.88 kg/（hm2 mm）.

关 键 词：马铃薯 膜下滴灌 施氮量 产量 水分效应 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S532[农业科学—农业工程]