中国生物强化项目的成本收益和成本有效性分析--以生物强化富铁小麦为例  

The Cost-benefit and Cost-effectiveness of Harvest Plus-China Program——an Ex-ante Analysis of Biofortified Iron-rich Wheat in China

作　　者：李路平[1] 张金磊[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院农业政策研究中心,北京100101 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,南京210008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生物技术进展》2016年第6期414-421,共8页Current Biotechnology

基　　金：Harvest Plus-China基金项目(HPC8233)资助

摘　　要：以生物强化富铁小麦为例,采用事前成本收益分析法和成本有效性分析法,分析了中国生物强化项目的健康效益、研发总成本及其构成、成本收益率和成本有效性情况,并进一步做了国际比较分析。结果表明：中国生物强化富铁小麦营养干预效果显著,其一年获得的健康效益可达到112 706~291 753个DALYs损失值的减少,货币化后的经济收益一年为23.53亿~60.91亿元,项目期间（30年）的经济收益将达到705.86亿~1 827.19亿元;中国生物强化富铁小麦项目期间（30年）研发总成本将投入约6 314.92万~9 416.53万元,其中推广成本约占总成本的99%;中国生物强化富铁小麦的成本收益率为1 117.76~1 940.41,即每投入1元的研发成本可以带来1 117.76~1 940.41元的收益;按照世界银行和世界卫生组织的标准,中国生物强化富铁小麦公共营养干预效果是高成本有效的;整体上生物强化项目的成本有效性优于食品强化和营养素补充剂,具有成本上的优势。最后,提出了进一步增加科研投入、加强研究和增强中国生物强化作物的微量营养素含量、重视生物强化作物的推广和宣传、强化吸收和借鉴国际生物强化在其他国家开展项目的发展经验等政策建议。This paper set biofortified iron-rich wheat as an example,applied cost benefit analysis and cost effectiveness analysis methods,detailed analyzed health benefit,total RD cost and its construction,cost benefit ratio and cost-effectiveness,and made international comparision. The results showed that the nutrition intervention of the biofortified iron-rich wheat project of Harvest Plus-China was high cost-effective. The health benefit gained was 112 706 ~ 291 753 DALYs saved per year,implying that the economic benefit was 2.353 billion ~ 6.091 billion yuan in 1 year after monetization,and 70.586 billion ~ 182.719 billion yuan economic benefit over 30 years; Harvest Plus-China program will put in total RMB 63. 1492 million ~ 94. 1653 million yuan,in which the promoting cost accounted for almost 99%; the cost benefit ratio of biofortified iron-rich wheat project of Harvest PlusChina program was 1 117.76 ~ 1 940. 41,implying that with RMB 1 yuan of investment,the iron-rich wheat project could gain benefit of RMB 1 117. 76 ~ 1 940. 41 yuan; according to the standards setting by World Bank and World Health Organization sepaerately,the biofortified iron-rich wheat project of Harvest Plus-China program was high cost-effectiveness on public nutritionintervention; the data from HarvestP lus program presented that in general the biofortification had an advantage of costeffectiveness over food fortification and supplementation. In the end,a number of counter-measures proposed,such as increasing the investment in RD to strengthen micronutrient content of biofortified crops,paying great attention to the biofortified crops＇ promotion and propaganda.

关 键 词：国际生物强化项目 生物强化 富铁小麦 经济收益 成本收益分析 成本有效性 营养干预 国际比较 中国 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济] R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]