佛山市冬夏季非甲烷烃污染特征研究  

Pollution Characteristics of Non-methane Hydrocarbons During Winter and Summer in Foshan City

作　　者：周雪明[1,5] 项萍[1,5] 段菁春[3] 贺克斌[2] 马永亮[2] 邓思欣 司徒淑娉 谭吉华[1,2,5] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [2]清华大学环境学院,国家环境保护大气复合污染来源与控制重点实验室,北京100084 [3]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [4]佛山市环境保护局,佛山528000 [5]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第11期4124-4132,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41105111,41475116,41275134);国家环境保护大气复合污染来源与控制重点实验室基金项目(SCAPC201401)

摘　　要：2014年冬季和2015年夏季在佛山市采集了30个非甲烷烃(NMHCs)的样品,定量分析了多种化合物.结果表明,采样期间佛山市冬季和夏季NMHCS的浓度分别为122.30μg·m^(-3)和56.22μg·m^(-3).其中冬季和夏季NMHCs中浓度最高的5个物种由大到小依次为:甲苯(25.12μg·m^(-3))、间/对-二甲苯(13.76μg·m^(-3))、丙烷(9.17μg·m^(-3))、乙苯(7.25μg·m^(-3))、乙烯(6.77μg·m^(-3))和甲苯(6.18μg·m^(-3))、间/对-二甲苯(5.21μg·m^(-3))、邻-二甲苯(4.15μg·m^(-3))、β-蒎烯(3.75μg·m^(-3))、丙烷(3.29μg·m^(-3)).相比2008年,NMHCs有大幅度下降.冬季芳烃、烷烃、烯烃和炔烃所占比例分别为51.20%、34.70%、10.04%和4.05%;夏季芳烃、烷烃、烯烃和炔烃所占比例分别为43.93%、33.99%、19.20%和2.88%.因为NMHCs/NOx的冬、夏季值分别为0.90和1.88,表明采样期间佛山市大气臭氧峰值浓度都是受NMHCs控制,还应继续加强NMHCs的控制.佛山市NMHCs冬季和夏季的丙烯等效浓度和臭氧生成潜势分别为45.09μg·m^(-3)和40.64μg·m^(-3)、392.77μg·m^(-3)和207.77μg·m^(-3).间/对-二甲苯、甲苯和间/对-二甲苯、异戊二烯分别对冬季和夏季的臭氧生成潜势起到很重要的贡献.采样期间佛山市冬季和夏季的苯/甲苯的值为0.15和0.20,表明佛山市冬夏季NMHCs的主要来源是工业过程.相对2008年,本研究中异戊烷不属于佛山市NMHCs中浓度最高的5种污染物,说明佛山市在防止汽油挥发对环境造成影响方面的措施取得了明显成效.Thirty non-methane hydrocarbons（ NMHCs） samples were collected and analyzed in Foshan City during winter 2014 and summer 2015. The concentrations of NMHCs during the sampling period were 122. 30 μg·m^-3and 56. 22 μg·m^-3in winter and summer,respectively. The five highest concentration species of NMHCs in winter and summer were in the following order： toluene（ 25. 12 μg·m^-3）,m/p-xylene（ 13. 76 μg·m^-3）,propane（ 9. 17 μg·m^-3）,ethylbenzene（ 7. 25 μg·m^-3）,ethylene（ 6. 77μg·m^-3） and toluene（ 6. 18 μg·m^-3）,m/p-xylene（ 5. 21 μg·m^-3）,o-xylene（ 4. 15 μg·m^-3）,β-pinene（ 3. 75 μg·m^-3）,propane（ 3. 29 μg·m^-3）. Compared to 2008,the concentrations of NMHCs have dropped significantly. The proportions of aromatics,alkanes,alkenes and alkynes in NMHCs were 51. 20%,34. 70%,10. 04%,4. 05% and 43. 93%,33. 99%,19. 20%,2. 88%during winter and summer,respectively. The ratios of NMHCs / NOxwere 0. 90 and 1. 88,indicating that the peak ozone concentrations in Foshan City were controlled by NMHCs during the sampling period,and the emissions of NMHCs should be further strengthened.The propylene equivalent concentration and ozone formation potential were 45. 09 μg·m^-3and 40. 64 μg·m^-3,392. 77 μg·m^-3and207. 77 μg·m^-3in winter and summer. The m / p-xylene; toluene and m / p-xylene; isoprene had a very important influence on ozone formation potential. The ratios of Benzene / Toluene were 0. 15 and 0. 20 indicated that industrial process was the main source of NMHCs in Foshan City. Relative to 2008,isopentane didn＇t belong to the highest concentration of five pollutants for Foshan＇s NMHCsin this research,indicating the measures to prevent volatile gasoline impact on the environmental quality have achieved remarkable results.

关 键 词：非甲烷烃 冬季 夏季 污染特征 佛山市 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]