英国文学批评中的文化保守主义探源:特里·伊格尔顿与佩里·安德森  

Origins of Cultural Conservatism in English Literary Criticism:Terry Eagleton and Perry Anderson

作　　者：赵国新[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学英语学院,北京100089

出　　处：《浙江工商大学学报》2016年第6期5-13,共9页Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(12JYC752047);北京市哲学社会科学规划项目(11WYB010)

摘　　要：英国马克思主义批评家特里·伊格尔顿的文论著作深受欧陆及本国诸多批评家和理论家的影响,前人对此多有研讨。然而,史学家佩里·安德森对他的重要影响,至今尚未有人明确指出,遑论考察辨析。本文认为,安德森对于17世纪的英国革命以及近代英国资本主义独特性的论述,在一定程度上塑造了他的英国文学批评史观,为他考察文学研究与现实政治之间的内在关系提供了重要的社会和历史参考框架。伊格尔顿对近代英国文学批评中暗含的文化保守主义的发掘和剖析,主要得益于安德森对现代英国社会盛行的政治保守主义的精彩解释。本文还指出,二者的相关著述也有助于解释18和19世纪英国小说中一个常被忽略的现象:与同时代的欧陆长篇小说相比,英国小说一直在回护本国的贵族阶级,它们从未像欧陆主要国家的长篇小说那样,激烈批判乃至彻底否定本国贵族阶级的思想和统治。Terry Eagleton＇s critical works have been under multiple influences from various critics and theorists both at home and abroad,which have been recognized and discussed in details in some relevant studies. However,another source of influence,the historical studies by Perry Anderson,has never been identified,much less examined up to the present day. The paper attempts to argue that,Perry Anderson＇s insightful critical accounts of the English Revolution and the particularities of English capitalism shaped to some extent Eagleton＇s fundamental view of the history of English literary criticism,and provided him with an important socio-historical framework for reference to examine the inner connection between critical practice and real politics. Actually,Eagleton＇s illuminating analyses of the cultural conservatism hidden in modern English literary criticism was greatly indebted to Anderson＇s convincing explanation for the political conservatism explicit in modern English society. The pa-per also suggests that their works could be used for explaining an often-neglected phenomenon in the 18 th and 19 th English classical novels： unlike their counterparts of the same periods in major Euro-continental countries,they tend to avoid severely criticizing let alone completely negating the aristocratic thoughts and ruling at home.

关 键 词：马克思主义 新左派 “文化与社会”的传统 

分 类 号：I06[文学—文学理论]