结晶纤维素的降解  

Advance in research on degradation of crystalline cellulose

作　　者：谌恩华 吴华伟[1] 李相前[2] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学生命科学学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]淮阴工学院生命科学与化学工程学院,江苏淮安223003

出　　处：《草业科学》2016年第11期2367-2374,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21576110);生物质转化与过程集成工程实验室开放课题(JPELBCPL2014007)

摘　　要：随着化石能源的日益消耗及其对环境的污染加重,寻求可再生的清洁能源已成为各国关注的焦点。木质纤维素是地球上最多的有机聚合物,对于解决能源危机具有巨大的潜力,但没有得到有效的利用,纤维素结晶区的存在是阻碍其降解的重大难题。本文介绍了结晶纤维素的结构、解结晶方法及优良的降解菌种;纤维素酶的结构和功能;降解结晶纤维素的机制;纤维素酶的基因工程和酶工程改造。突出应加大对耐热、高效的结晶纤维素降解菌株的挖掘,并深入探究碳水化合物结合结构域的相关作用机理,这对结晶纤维素的高效降解具有重要意义。Due to increased consumption of fossil energy and its pollution to the environment seeking renewable and clean energy has become the focus of attention in many countries.Lignocellulose is the most organic polymer on the earth,which has great potential for solving the energy crisis,but it has not been effectively used,the existence of the crystalline region of cellulose is a major problem hindering its degradation.This paper introduces the structure of crystalline cellulose,decrystallization method and potent degradation strain;the structure and function of cellulase;degradation mechanism of crystalline cellulose;genetic engineering and enzyme engineering modification of cellulase.It is underlined that should increase to excavate for the excellent,thermostable cellulose-degratdaion strains and thorough study of related function mechanism of carbohydrate binding module,it is of great significance for the efficient degradation of crystalline cellulose.

关 键 词：结晶纤维素 纤维素酶 降解机制 碳水化合物结合结构域 纤维小体 膨胀因子 可再生能源 

分 类 号：O636.11[理学—高分子化学]