以炉渣分析为主揭示古代炼铁技术的研究与探索  

A Summary of Ancient Iron Smelting Technology Based on Iron Slag Analysis

作　　者：黄全胜[1] 李延祥[2] 陈建立[3] 铁付德 

机构地区：[1]广西广播电视大学理工学院,南宁530022 [2]北京科技大学冶金与材料史研究所,北京100083 [3]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871 [4]中国国家博物馆学术研究中心,北京100006

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2016年第11期145-153,共9页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50874015);广西高校优秀中青年骨干教师培养工程项目(GXQG022014070)资助

摘　　要：本文根据国内外相关文献及研究成果,综合考察了自20世纪50年代以来国内外对古代铁渣的研究方法及取得的成就。利用业已确立的古代冶炼炉渣的研究方法及判定标准,近年来对我国部分古代冶炼遗址特别是广西地区的古代冶铁遗址等开展了较为深入的调查和科学研究。研究实践表明,主要从铁渣的成份、显微组织结构等检测分析,来判定古代钢铁冶炼技术类型是可行的,采用该研究方法对古代铁矿冶遗址开展调查与研究也是可行有效的。研究结果显示,从炉渣的金属含量及其赋存状态方面可辨别炼铁渣和非炼铁渣;古代块炼铁与生铁炉渣的基本成份和显微组织结构有明显区别,两者夹杂金属颗粒赋存状态也有较明显差别。在高铁炉渣中,古代块炼铁和炒钢炉渣的显微组织结构有较明显差异,浮氏体间是否存在磷钙化合物也可作为区分块炼铁和炒钢炉渣的关键指示标之一。Based on related documents and researches, the authors review research methods on ancient iron slag and achievements from China and abroad since the 1950s. Using existing research methods and criteria on ancient smelting slag, in-depth investigations and scientific researches have been made in recent years on certain ancient metallurgical sites in China, especially iron smelting sites in Guangxi. Research findings prove that it is feasible to determine the ancient iron smelting technology mainly through analysis of the composition and microstructure of slag and that it is feasible and effective to adopt such methods to investigate and research into ancient iron mining and metallurgical sites. Research results show that metal content and occurrence inclusive of slag can be used to distinguish ferrous slag and non-ferrous slag; the compositions, microstructures and occurrences of inclusive metal particles of bloomery iron slag and cast iron slag are obviously different. In terms of blast furnace slag, the microstructures of ancient bloomery iron slag and puddling slag are different. The compounds of 3CaO-P2O5 can also be used as one of the key indicators to distinguish between ancient bloomery iron slag and puddling slag.

关 键 词：古代 铁渣 冶铁技术 冶金考古 

分 类 号：K878.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]