宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄成熟采收期气候资源变化及其对葡萄品质的影响  

Variations of climate resources and their impacts on wine grape quality at the east foot of Ningxia Helan Mountain during harvest of wine grapes

作　　者：郑广芬[1,2] 王素艳[1,2] 杨建玲[1] 李剑萍[1] 张晓煜[1] 马力文[1] 李欣[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,银川750002 [2]宁夏气候中心,银川750002

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第12期3335-3343,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201511);宁夏科技支撑计划项目(2013ZYN245)资助

摘　　要：利用1981年以来宁夏贺兰山东麓气象资料，结合前人研究得出的优质酿酒葡萄气候资源阈值，重点研究了酿酒葡萄成熟采收期降水、气温日较差、水热系数、日照时数等气候资源变化的特点；在此基础上，分析了气候资源变化对酿酒葡萄品质的影响。结果表明：近35年来宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄成熟采收期主要气候资源发生显著变化，在20世纪90年代末期发生突变，突变后降水增多88％，各地9月降水量≥30mm的出现几率达44％-71％，为突变前的2．8-4．2倍；9月上旬降水量≥10mm出现几率为47％-65％，是突变前的1．4-1．7倍；各地降水日数增多55％-76％，持续3天以上的阴雨过程增多，持续时间增长；气温日较差减小1．4oC，各地气温日较差≤7．6℃的天气出现几率为17％-22％，是突变前的1．6-2．2倍；水热系数增加了0．26-0．37，增幅达60％-100％，水热系数≥0．57和〉10．63的出现几率分别是突变前的2．1-4．2倍、2．7-4．2倍；日照时数减少16％，日照时数〈6．5h的日数增加了3．9-5．3d，增幅达53％-78％。贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄成熟采收期阴雨寡照日数增多，气温日较差减少，水热配置不佳，可能导致酿酒葡萄糖分减少，含酸量增加，糖酸比下降，丹宁含量降低，也为葡萄霜霉病、白腐病的发生创造了有利条件。Using meteorological data from the east foot of Ningxia Helan Mountain during 1981 to 2015, and combing thresholds of some key climate resources of premium wine grapes from previ- ous research results, we analyzed the change characteristics of precipitation, rainy days, diurnal range of temperature, water-heat coefficient and sunshine duration during harvest of wine grapes and their possible influences on wine grape quality. The results showed that the key climate re- sources had changed significantly in recent 35 years and an abrnpt climate change occurred at the end of 1990s. After the abrupt climate change, the precipitation increased by 88%, and the pos- sibility of precipitation ≥30 mm in September was 44%-71%, being 2.8-4.2 times as much as before. The possibility of precipitation≥ 10 mm in the first ten days of September was 47%- 65%, being 1.4-1.7 times as much as before. The rainy days increased by 55%-76%, and the frequency of lasting rain process （≥ 3 days ） increased. The diurnal range of temperature decreased by 1.4 ℃, and the possibility of diurnal range of temperature ≤7.6 ℃ was 17%- 22%, being 1.6 to 2.2 times as much as before. At the same time, water-heat coefficient in- creased by 0.26-0.37, with an increase rate of 60%-100%, and the possibilities ≥0.57 and ≥0.63 were 2.1-4.2 and 2.7-4.2 times as much as before, respectively. The sunshine durationdecreased by 16%. The days of sunshine duration crease rate of 53% -78%. Therefore, the changes content and increase acid content of wine grapes, 〈6.5 h increased by 3.9-5.3 d, with an in- of key climate resources can decrease sugar thus decreasing the sugar/acid ratio and the content of tannins. In addition, these changes create favorable conditions for the occurrence of downy mildew and white rot of wine grapes.

关 键 词：宁夏贺兰山东麓 酿酒葡萄 采收期 气候资源 品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]