博雅教育视域下精通与博通教育模式的分析  

Discussion on the Proficient Study Model and the Comprehensive Study Model of Liberal Education

作　　者：刘徐湘[1] 马晓蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学高等教育研究院

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2016年第6期50-56,86,共8页University Education Science

摘　　要：在如何达到知识融会贯通的方法和路径上有着精通和博通的区别。古典博雅教育强调以古希腊文和拉丁文阅读经典的文史哲名著,通过深度的阅读与解读达到"自由人"的修养,此为精通模式;现代博雅教育主张教育内容不仅限于文史哲知识,所有知识都具有博雅的价值,通过兼容文理科的课程体系来达到博雅教育的目的,此为博通模式。哲学家甘阳在中山大学的博雅教育改革主张回到古典博雅教育,物理学家钱致榕在台湾政治大学进行的博雅教育改革主张回归现代生活,这是现代精通与博通模式的案例。精通与博通路径不同,一个在于"精",一个在于"博",其共同点在于"通";无论是精通还是博通,它们的共同归属是其教育理念与方法都需要回到"自由教育"的原初意义,即教育是为了人的自由发展,所教的知识应成为学生的"自由知识"和"个性化的知识",并合理建构其知识结构。Proficient study model and comprehensive study model have differences in the approaches to mastery of knowledge. The ancient liberal education advocates helping people become more cultivated as liberal men through reading classical originals. It emphasizes the method of reading classical great books of philosophy and literature in ancient Greek and Latin, and this is the proficient study. However, modern liberal education thinks all kinds of knowledge have the value of liberal education, claiming that the content of education should not be restricted to literature, history and philosophy. Therefore, the aim of liberal education is achieved through the curriculum system in which arts and sciences are both included. This is the comprehensive study. GAN Yang, a philosopher, holds the view of returning to ancient liberal education when he takes the liberal education reform in Zhongshan University, which is a proficient study model. QIAN Zhi-rong, a physicist, thinks liberal education should be more close to modern life when the liberal education reform are carried out in National Chengchi University, which is a comprehensive study model. Two models take different approaches. One lies in proficiency, and the other lies in comprehensive mastery. But what they have in common is that they both emphasize ＂general＂ . Whether proficient study mode or comprehensive study mode, their common ideal is that their ideal and method of education is back to the original idea of ＂liberal education＂ , that is, education aims to get people to develop freely. So, the knowledge to be taught should become students＇ free knowledge and individual knowledge, and reasonably construct the knowledge structure.

关 键 词：教育模式 教育理念 古典博雅教育 现代博雅教育精通模式 博通模式 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]