无锡市细颗粒物理化特征和来源解析研究  

Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of fine particles in Wuxi

作　　者：东梅 黄茜[2] 陈璞珑 王体健[2] 杜元新 邹华[3] 黄满堂 

机构地区：[1]无锡市环境监测中心站,无锡214121 [2]南京大学大气科学学院,南京210023 [3]江南大学环境与土木工程学院,无锡214122

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第6期1029-1040,共12页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0208504;2016YFC0203303);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB441203)

摘　　要：研究在无锡市两个站点进行细颗粒物采样,获得了不同季节代表月份(2014年4、7、10、12月)和重污染天气条件下(2015年1月)PM2.1的质量、化学元素、水溶性离子以及碳组分的浓度并进行分析,结合化学质量平衡模型(CMB model)计算了无锡市全年以及重污染天气下不同排放源对细颗粒物的贡献,结合排放清单对二次气溶胶进行再解析,得到最终的排放源贡献结果.无锡全年平均PM2.1浓度为68.6μg·m^(-3),崇宁站浓度(71.9μg·m^(-3))高于旺庄站浓度(65.3μg·m^(-3)),冬季浓度高于其它季节,平均可达85.7μg·m^(-3),重污染天气浓度为122.8μg·m^(-3),明显高于全年平均水平.细颗粒物中最主要的化学成分是二次无机盐离子(36.4%)和碳组分(29.1%),重污染情况下有机碳成分明显升高,可以达到38.4%,表明二次有机气溶胶的转化生成和积累老化是细颗粒物浓度升高的主要原因.利用CMB模型解析得到无锡全年PM2.1来源贡献比例,各类排放源贡献依次是二次硝酸盐(26.4%)、二次硫酸盐(22.6%)、二次有机气溶胶(7.8%)、电厂燃煤(7.3%)、土壤扬尘(6.5%)、柴油车尾气(6.4%)、汽油车尾气(4.1%)、秸秆焚烧(3.4%)、建筑扬尘(3.3%)、城市扬尘(2.5%)、海盐气溶胶(2.2%)、餐饮油烟(1.1%)、钢铁冶炼(1.0%),可以看出无锡市细颗粒物排放贡献主要来自于二次气溶胶的转化生成、汽车尾气和扬尘类的贡献.基于本地排放清单进行二次来源解析,得到无锡全年各类排放源贡献依次为电厂燃煤(30.68%)、钢铁冶炼(13.92%)、其它工业(10.48%)、秸秆焚烧(3.49%)、汽油机动车尾气(6.50%)、柴油机动车尾气(8.80%)、船舶(0.44%)、建筑机械(0.66%)、民航飞机(0.03%)、建筑扬尘(3.3%)、土壤扬尘(6.5%)、城市扬尘(2.5%)、餐饮油烟(1.1%)、海盐(2.2%)、其它来源(9.40%),结合二次解析计算,可以看出无锡市细颗粒物排放贡献主要来自于电厂燃煤、工业冶炼、汽车尾气,因此应�In this study,PM2.1 were sampled at environmental monitor stations（Chongning and Wangzhuang stations） at all seasons（April,July,October,December in 2014）and during heavy haze days（January in 2015）in Wuxi.Charac-teristics of concentrations and chemical compositions were analyzed.A chemical mass balance （CMB）model was applied to apportion the contribution rate of different sources.The final results of source apportionment for secondary aerosols were obtained combined with the local emission inventory.Investigations show that the annual average concentrations of PM2.1 were 68.6 μg·m^-3.The concentration at Chongning station was 71.9 μg·m^-3higher than Wangzhuang station（65.3μg·m^-3）.The concentration was 85.7μg·m^-3in winter and lower at other seasons.During heavy haze days,the concentration was 122.8μg·m^-3,it was much higher than the annual average concentration.The dominant chemical constituents of PM2.1 were secondary inorganic aerosols （36.4%）and carbonaceous（29.1%）,during the heavy haze days secondary organic aerosols were much higher accounting for 38.4%.The generation,accumulation and aging of organic aerosols were very important to the higher concentration at heavy haze days.The results of source apportionment show that the contributions of emissions were secondary nitrate（26.4%）,secondary sulfate（22.6%）,secondary organic aerosols（7.8%）,coal（7.3%）,soil dust（6.5%）, diesel exhaust（6.4%）,gasoline vehicle exhaust（4.1%）,biomass burning（3.4%）,construction dust（3.3%）,the dust（2.5%）,sea salt aerosol（2.2%）,cooking（1.1%）,iron and steel smelting（1.0%）in turn.During heavy haze days,the contribution of secondary organic aerosols was higher than average,and was 12.3%.Combined with local emission inventory,the secondary aerosols were apportioned and the final contribution of emissions were coal-fired power plants（30.68%）,steel smelting（13.92%）,other industrial（10.48%）,biomass burning（3.49%）,gasoline vehicle exhaust（

关 键 词：细颗粒物 化学质量平衡模型(CMB) 来源解析 重污染 无锡 

分 类 号：X131.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]