学前儿童大肌肉动作发展水平年龄和性别特征研究  

Research on the age and gender characteristics of the development of gross motor in preschool children

作　　者：宁科[1,2] 沈信生[1] 邵晓军[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]陕西学前师范学院体育系,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2016年第12期1322-1325,共4页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

摘　　要：目的评价3～6岁学前儿童大肌肉动作发展水平的年龄和性别特征，为学前儿童动作教育提供理论参考依据。方法采用大肌肉动作发展（TGMD-3）测量工具对119名学前儿童大肌肉动作发展进行测量，比较不同年龄组和性别分组大肌肉动作发展水平的差异。结果3、4、5～6岁三组儿童，大肌肉动作发展测试总分（33．24、43．1l、52．09），操作性技能得分（14．79、19．57、24．94），移动性技能得分（18．45、23．54、27．15）均随年龄增长不断提高，差异均有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。3岁～组大肌肉动作发展总分女童（32．29）高于男童（29．5）（P〈O．01），4岁～与5岁～组男童总分均高于女童（P〈0．01）。操作性技能得分男童均高于女童（P〈o．05），移动性技能得分3岁～组女童（18．60）高于男童（13．69）（P〈0．01），4岁～与5岁～组男童均高于女童（P〈0．01）。结论学前儿童大肌肉动作发展水平随年龄增长不断提高，其中移动性技能发展较好，操作性技能则较差；同龄组中男童操作性技能优于女童，移动性技能男童亦优于女童（除3岁～低龄组外）。Objective To access the age and gender characteristics of the development level of gross motor in 3~6 years old preschool children. Methods Test of gross motor development third edition（TGMD-3） was used to measure the development of gross motor in 119 preschool children. The differences in development level between different age gender groups were compared. Results The total score of TGMD-3 （33. 24,43. 11,52. 09）, the score of manipulative skills （14.79,19.57,24.94）. locomotor skills score all increased with age （18.45,23.54,27.15）, differences were significant （all P〈0.01）. The total score of TGMD-3 of 3- age girls group was higher （32.29） than boys （29.5）（P〈0.01） ,and 4- and 5- age boys was higher than girls （P〈0.01）. The manipulative skills scores of boys were higher than those of girls （P〈 0.05） ,mobility skill score of 3- age girl group （18.60）was higher than that of boys （13.69）（P〈0.01）. In 4- and 5- age groups. The manipulative mobility skill scores were higher than those of girls （P〈0. 01）. Conclusions Preschool children＇s motor development level increase with the age, the locomotor skills have good development and operation skills are poor;Boys＂ manipulative skill is better than girls＂ at the same age,boys＇ are better than girls＂ at locomotor skills （except 3- age group）.

关 键 词：学前儿童 大肌肉动作发展 移动性技能 操作性技能 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]