明清时期华北的商业城镇与市场层级  

Commercial Towns and Market Levels in North China under the Ming and Qing

作　　者：许檀[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学中国社会史研究中心暨历史学院,教授天津300071

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2016年第11期187-204,共18页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金"明清时期华北城市结构与市场层级"(12BZS069)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：施坚雅用以建构中心地层级的主要指标——近代邮政体系,在清代中叶尚未出现,目前所见能够对明清时期的市场实态提供数据信息的主要有税关档案与商人会馆碑刻两类资料。利用这两类资料,可对冀鲁豫三省的商业城镇进行较系统的考察梳理,对其空间分布和市场层级分別定位,并对商业规模进行估算。从明代中后期到清代中叶,随着商品流通的发展,华北已有不少行政级别较低的城镇在市场层级中处于较高的位置,这些商业城镇的崛起反映的正是发展中的市场体系对原有行政体系的突破。The early modern postal service system,a key indicator used by G.William Skinner to construct central levels,had yet to appear in the mid-Qing.To date,our main sources of information for data on actual market conditions under the Ming and Qing are tax and customs archives and merchant guildhall inscriptions.These materials make possible a relatively systematic investigation of commercial towns in Hebei,Shandong,and Henan that defines their spatial distribution and market levels as well as estimating the scale of their commercial activities.From the mid-and late Ming to the mid-Qing,not a few commercial towns in North China that ranked low administratively ranked higher in terms of market.The rise of these commercial towns reflected a breakthrough by the developing market system in relation to the administrative status quo.

关 键 词：明清 华北 商业城镇 市场层级 流通枢纽城市 地区性商业中心 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] F299.29[历史地理—中国史] F729[经济管理—国民经济]