电子相对论径向波函数的基本特征  

The fundamental properties of electron relativistic radial wave function

作　　者：刘晓斌[1] 师应龙[1] 邢永忠[1] 路飞平[1] 

机构地区：[1]天水师范学院物理系,甘肃天水741001

出　　处：《大学物理》2016年第12期19-22,共4页College Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11264033;11464040;11265013);甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2014A-104);甘肃省自然科学基金(1506RJZE112)资助

摘　　要：利用相对论平均自洽场理论,研究了电子相对论径向波函数的基本特征.电子相对论径向波函数大小分量的数量级通常相差悬殊且不"同步",核外电子的径向分布没有严格的零概率点;束缚电子相对论径向波函数大小分量的节点个数为n-l-1、波腹个数为n-l,而自由电子的节点和波腹数则趋于无穷大.电子相对论径向波函数反映了相对论效应的基本特征:相对论效应越强,小分量振幅相对越大,自由电子径向波函数振荡越剧烈.The fundamental properties of electron relativistic radial wave functions have been studied theoretically based on the relativistic average self-consistent field. Usually, the small-component of relativistic radial wave functions is several orders of magnitudes less than the large-component, and is not generally synchronous with the large-component, so the radial probability density of electron has no exact zeros. The number of nodes for bound electron large- or small-component is n-l-l, so that the number of antinodes is n-l, but the number of nodes and antinodes for free electron just turn to infinite. The radial wave functions are extremely sensitive to the relativistic effects, the amplitude of small-component increases with increasing relativistic effects, as well as the oscillating intensity of large, small-component for free electron.

关 键 词：狄拉克方程 相对论自洽场 径向波函数 节点 波腹 

分 类 号：O562.1[理学—原子与分子物理]