漫谈矿山法隧道技术第十二讲——隧道情报化施工的“情报”  

Tunneling by Mining Method: Lecture XII:Information of Tunnel Informatization Construction

作　　者：关宝树[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学,四川成都610031

出　　处：《隧道建设》2016年第11期1283-1294,共12页Tunnel Construction

摘　　要：隧道情报化施工是指在施工中根据能够充分表现隧道开挖后围岩和支护构件动态的"动态情报"来进一步掌握围岩的特性以修正设计和施工。1)指出实现情报化施工的前提是"情报",需要的情报包括能够判定掌子面是否稳定、掌子面前方围岩是否发生变化、已支护地段变形是否收敛、围岩分级是否合适等。强调隧道情报化施工的情报"量"是基础,"质"是关键。以位移量测为例,介绍施工中需要获取什么样的情报;以日本矿山法数据库(DB)为例说明情报"量"的重要性及其应用。指出我国的施工现状是积累情报"量"较大,但"质"不足,要在情报的"质"上下功夫,能够进行系统地总结和分析,为情报化施工建立数据库。2)从掌子面前方围岩的探查、掌子面观察、量测和试验等方面介绍获取情报的主要方法和目的。分别以日本北海道公路隧道和筑紫隧道为例,重点介绍了超前钻孔在掌子面前方和洞口段开挖前地质探查中的应用。3)介绍我国、日本和美国掌子面观察的内容和方法,指出我国的观察大部分获得定性的情报和少量定量情报,而日本和美国的观察是可以数值化的,我们在这方面尚需努力。介绍对已施工区间进行检查和观察的项目,以喷混凝土为例介绍观察结果的利用方法,反馈指导施工,统计建立管理基准。4)最后强调在不同围岩级别中,获取情报的方法是不同的,量测不是唯一的,也不是万能的。在块状、岩质围岩中,应把观察放在重要位置;在软弱围岩中,量测、观察以及掌子面前方围岩预测等方法应同时并举,循环验证。The modification of design and construction of tunnel can be realized by adopting informatization construction.In this paper： 1） The information,i. e. stability of working face,variation of surrounding rocks,deformation /convergence of supported section and surrounding rock classification,is the base of informatization construction. The quantity of the information is the base and the quality of the information is the key. Case studies are made on deformation monitoring and Database of Mining Method in Japan. The informatization construction in China still needs to be optimized in terms of quality of information. 2） The methods and purposes of information are introduced in terms of detection of surrounding rocks,observation of working face,measuring and test. The application of advanced bore-hole drilling method to geological detection of Hokkaido Highway Tunnel and Chikushi Tunnel in Japan is introduced in detail. 3） The contents,methods and state-of-the-art of working face observation in China,Japan and USA are introduced. The quantization of information collected in China still needs to be developed. The items to be checked and observed and using of observation results of shotcrete are introduced. 4） The information collecting methods for different surrounding rocks vary much. The observation is the most important in collecting information in rocky surrounding; and the observation,measuring and prediction should be carried out in collecting information in soft and weak surrounding rocks.

关 键 词：隧道 情报化施工 观察 量测 数值化 数据库 

分 类 号：U455[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]