明清《实录》比较研究  

A Comparative Study on the Memoirs of Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：谢贵安[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]贵阳孔学堂,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第6期20-28,共9页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：明清两朝《实录》都通过传统的实录体来记载本朝皇帝的历史,并贯彻了大致相同的史学主题,即政治鉴戒、显亲尽孝、张扬忠义、劝励风俗等。由此可以看出,明清两朝在文化上有极大的传承性和相同性,都是对中华文明和中华文化体制的继承和发展。同时,明清实录修纂因主导者的民族身份不同,导致二者形成同中之异。明代实灵全为汉文本,而清廷在继承中原体制的同时,刻意保持其民族性和文化特色,在修汉文本实录时,还修纂了满文本乃至蒙古文本;在直书和曲笔的应用上,两朝实录都对非敏感的历史进行了直书,对敏感的历史进行了曲笔,《明实录》的曲笔多属于对皇帝行为的政治性讳饰,而《清实录》多侧重于对清廷早期民族身份和文明状态的讳饰。为了掩饰民族身份的文化落差,清廷信奉"夷而进于中国则中国之"的通达的华夷观,从而走上了"汉化"之路,大力推行"右文"政策,设实录馆专修实录,以与明代只设史馆而修众史相区别。It can be seen from the Memoirs of Ming and Qing Dynasties that the two dynasties have great inheritance and similarities in the culture, both of them inheriting and developing the Chinese civilization and the Chinese cultural system. Both of the two dynasties record the emperors in the history records with traditional true record style, and carry out the roughly same historicahheme, apply the concept or principle of faithful recording and misrepresenting. Meanwhile, owing to the differ- ent national identities of the leading compilers, the memoirs of Ming and Qing Dynasties show some differences in the same form. The Qing government maintains its national and cultural characteristics deliberately while inherits the structures of the Central Plains. They compile memoirs of Manchu and Mongolian version with Han version at the same time, applying the economic way to describe their ethnic identity and civilized state of early period. In order to conceal the the cultural gap with such ethnic identity, the Qing government believes in the idea ＇Yi to China is Chinese, which embarks on the ＇localization ＇, carries out the ＇culture flourishing＇ policy vigorously, sets up the library for memoirs compiled specially , making differences with the ones in the Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：明实录 清实录 史书体例 史学观念 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]