美国院校研究的生成与组织建制  

The Forming and Organizational System of Institutional Research in America

作　　者：焦磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学高等教育研究所,广东广州510641

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2016年第6期76-82,共7页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

摘　　要：美国院校研究协会的成立,标志着美国院校研究新领域的形成,专业学术组织推动了院校研究在美国的建制化与成熟化。当前,其职能主要有:为协会成员收集、处理以及将数据转化为信息提供协助,从而为高等教育的决策提供支持;协助高校领导者、政策制定者"智能决策"、项目规划、财政决策等;为政府报告提供数据;提供培训性的活动,既包括开展"高等教育整合数据系统"的工作坊与学习指导,也包括提供资料与决策的培养课程,旨在发展院校研究者支持数据-信息决策所需的技能。美国高校院校研究机构的组织形式存在差异,一部分高校的院校研究组织机构为独立建制,一部分高校的院校研究组织机构是作为其他组织机构的职能部门。院校研究办公室通常由一位主任/主管担任领导者的角色,其他人员则为团队成员,团队成员的主要角色有两个:研究员和分析员。美国院校研究的建制化源于内外部因素的共同作用,可资借鉴:高等教育问责、认证的制度化对院校研究的激发作用;网络化、专业化的院校研究协会组织对院校研究的推动与支援;高校院校研究基于数据的决策/管理模式及专职研究团队。Institutional research began in the middle of the 20 th century in the United States.The main reason is the enrollment surge of American higher education in 1950~60s,resulting in expansion of state higher education institutions.For better management of higher education,the state government needed to collect a large number of colleges and universities' information,which were sorted and submitted by the office of institutional research.In 1965,the Association for Institutional Research was established in Michigan,marking the formation of the new field of research in the United States.Professional academic organizations promote the institutionalization and maturity of institutional research in the United States.At present,its functions include:First,to provide assistance in the process of collecting,processing and transforming data into information,so as to provide support for decision making in higher education.The second is to assist the executive administrator of colleges and universities,policy makers' intelligent decision-making,project planning,financial decision-making and so on.The third is to provide reports by using the informationcollected by university researchers.In addition,these data are compared with other institutions.The forth is to provide training activities,such as workshops and study guide of Integrated PostSecondary Education Data System and provide training courses about data and decision making,aimed at developing institutional researchers' data-information decision-making skills.The name of American colleges and universities' institutional research organization are always different,most of the colleges and universities,such as New York University,Harvard University,Yale University,named ' Office of institutional research',Stanford University called 'Institutional Research & Decision Support'.Its organizational system is always different too.Some of them are independent institution.For example,New York University's office of institutional research is an independent organization.Some of them

关 键 词：院校研究 美国大学 高校组织建制 高校信息数据 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学]