黄边糙鸟蛤幼虫对9种单胞藻的摄食与消化研究  

Ingestion and digestion of nine species of microalgae by Trachycardium flavum larvae

作　　者：邓正华[1,2] 叶乐[1] 吴开畅[1] 余莹英 赵旺[1] 姜松[1] 张博[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,南海生物资源开发与利用协同创新中心,广东广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2016年第6期91-98,共8页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：现代农业(贝类)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-48);海南省社会发展科技专项(2011SF014);三亚市产业技术研究与开发项目(2010YF21)

摘　　要：为确定黄边糙鸟蛤(Trachycardium flavum)幼虫生长发育时期的合适饵料,研究了幼虫对9种单胞藻的摄食与消化效果。用浓度为105个·m L-1的9种单胞藻分别饲喂2、6、10、14和18日龄幼虫,1 h后观察幼虫摄食情况,对已摄食单胞藻的幼虫过滤冲洗后转移至过滤海水中观察其消化效果。结果表明,幼虫在所有日龄都能摄食小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)、绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)、湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)和球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana),6日龄开始摄食杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina),14日龄摄食亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum),18日龄摄食牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri);但对小球藻和微绿球藻较难消化,水体中单胞藻投喂过多使单胞藻不消化或不完全消化。因此,在幼虫培育中应选择容易摄食和消化的绿色巴夫藻、湛江叉鞭金藻和球等鞭金藻作为开口饵料并遵循少量多次的投喂原则。Nine species of microalgae were tested for ingestion and digestion of Trachycardium flavum larvae using optical microscope to choose an oppropriate diet. An experiment was conducted using 2 dab, 6 dah, 10 dah, 14 dah and 18 dah larvae. Larvae were stocked in flasks and fed with 105 ind·mL^-1 of each species individually. Larvae were fed for 1 h and then observed under the microscope to detect ingestion; larvae were then sieved and placed in flasks containing filtered seawater to analyze digestion for the microalgae ingested. Among the nine species, Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata, Pavlova viridis, Dicrateria zhanjiangensis and Is ochrysis galbana were ingested at any stage, while the other species were ingested with the larvae growth, but C. vulgaris and N. oculata were hardly digested; with increasing concentration, the microalgae will digested partially or not digested. Therefore, P. viridis, D. zhanjiangensis and 1. galbana should be used for larvae rearing of T.flavum, feeding little and several times.

关 键 词：黄边糙鸟蛤 幼虫 单胞藻 摄食 消化 

分 类 号：S963.213[农业科学—水产养殖]