高性能Cu基形状记忆合金组织设计研究进展  

Progress on Microstructure Design of High Performance Cu-Based Shape Memory Alloys

作　　者：黄海友[1] 王伟丽[1] 刘记立[2] 谢建新[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学现代交通金属材料与加工技术北京实验室,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2016年第11期835-842,共8页Materials China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFB0700505);国家自然科学基金项目(51574027);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(FRF-TP-14-089A2)

摘　　要：Cu基形状记忆合金以其良好的形状记忆性能、优秀的导电导热性能、相变温度可调范围宽以及价格低廉等诸多优点,成为具有重要发展前景的一类形状记忆合金。但普通多晶组织Cu基形状记忆合金在应用时存在塑性差、易发生晶界开裂、疲劳寿命短、马氏体相变临界应力低等问题,严重制约了其应用范围,通过合理的组织设计可有效解决这些问题。综述了近年来高超弹性、高马氏体相变临界应力Cu基形状记忆合金组织设计方面的研究进展。研究发现,按照获得具有高相变应变的晶粒取向、获得大的晶粒尺度、获得平直的低能晶界等组织设计原则制备的竹节晶组织和柱状晶组织Cu基形状记忆合金的超弹性可达到7%以上。再经热处理析出贝氏体强化相后,可获得超弹性大于5%,马氏体相变临界应力大于650 MPa的优秀性能。Abstract： Cu-based shape memory alloys （Cu-SMAs） have the broadest application prospect owing to their excellent shape memory properties, high electrical and thermal conductivities, wide adjustable range of transformation temperature, as well as low cost. However, the ordinary polycrystalline Cu-SMAs show poor ductility and fatigue life because of suffering from intergranular fracture and low transformation critical stress, which are serious obstacles to wide application of the Cu- SMAs. Fortunately, these issues could be solved well by microstructure design. This paper reviewed the major progress in microstructure design of the Cu-based SMAs with high superelasticity and high transformation critical stress in the recent years. The results indicate that according to some principles such as obtaining grain orientation with high phase transformation strain, increasing grain size, obtaining straight low-energy GBs, etc. , high superelasticity of above 7% can be obtained in columnar-gained or bamboo-liked-grained Cu-SMAs. Then, high superelasticity of above 5% and high transformation critical stress of above 650 MPa can be obtained through reasonable heat treatments.

关 键 词：综述 CU基形状记忆合金 组织设计 超弹性 贝氏体 

分 类 号：TG139.6[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]