2012年我国十省市精神分裂症患者药物治疗的性别差异分析  被引量:16

Sex differences in pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia:findings from national survey 2012 on use of psychotropic medications

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作  者:苏允爱[1] 李茜 舒良[1] 于欣[1] 宁玉萍[2] 王高华[3] 张克让[4] 李涛[5] 孙立忠[6] 师建国 陈宪生 梅其一[9] 栗克清[10] 司天梅[1] 

机构地区:[1]北京大学第六医院北京大学精神卫生研究所卫生部精神卫生学重点实验室(北京大学),100191 [2]广东省广州市脑科医院 [3]湖北省人民医院精神卫生中心 [4]山西医科大学第一医院精神卫生科 [5]四川大学华西医院心理卫生中心 [6]吉林省脑科医院 [7]陕西省精神卫生中心 [8]江西省精神卫生中心 [9]苏州市广济医院精神科 [10]河北省精神卫生中心

出  处:《中华精神科杂志》2016年第6期367-372,共6页Chinese Journal of Psychiatry

摘  要:目的:分析2012年我国10省市精神分裂症患者药物治疗模式与药物副反应的性别差异。方法延续本课题组2002年和2006年的调查方法,于2012年7—8月连续收集10省市的45家精神疾病专科医院或综合医院精神科的门诊和住院精神分裂症患者,采用自制修订的调查问卷进行人口学信息及处方方式的现况调查,并对男女患者之间进行单因素分析。采用多因素logistic回归分析性别对处方模式和药物副反应的影响。结果最终纳入精神分裂症患者4239例,其中男2260例、女1979例。单因素分析结果显示,与女性患者比较,男性患者年龄较小(t=5.398)、起病较早(t=5.662)、参加工作的比例较高(χ2=31.597);存在更显著的阴性症状(χ2=10.814)和攻击行为(χ2=5.816);使用氯氮平比率较高[23.9%(472/1979)与28.5%(645/2260),χ2=11.955],使用抗精神病药的剂量较高(476 mg与514 mg,F=14.003),而合并抗抑郁药[7.9%(156/1979)与6.0%(136/2260),χ2=5.722]和苯二氮类药[23.9%(472/1979)与20.0%(451/2260),χ2=9.396]的比率较少;出现迟发性运动障碍的频率较高[1.3%(25/1979)与2.1%(47/2260),χ2=4.212],而体重增加[11.0%(218/1979)与7.7%(173/2260),χ2=14.233]和催乳素水平升高[3.2%(63/1979)与1.7%(39/2260),χ2=9.548]的发生率较低(均P〈0.05)。多因素分析显示,更多使用氯氮平(OR=1.268,P=0.001),更少使用苯二氮类药(OR=0.841,P=0.025)和抗抑郁药(OR=0.78,P=0.045),出现迟发性运动障碍(OR=1.879,P=0.014),较少出现体重增加(OR=0.669,P=0.001)和催乳素水平升高(OR=0.527,P=0.003)均与男性独立相关。结论性别是我国精神分裂症患者精神药物处方模式和药物副反应的独立贡献因素之一;在临床研究和实践中应该对性别差异进行更多的关注。Objective To examine the sex differences in prescribing patterns of psychotropic drugs and drug-induced side effects in schizophrenia patients in China. Methods Using the same design and a standardized protocol as in 2002 and 2006, the cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to August, 2012 in 45 psychiatric hospitals/centers in 10 provinces and municipalities in China. Inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia were consecutively screened for eligibility for this study. Sociodemographic characteristics and prescription pattern were collected by using a modified questionnaire for the study. Data comparisons between male and female were performed with univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the gender differences in prescription pattern and drug-induced side effects. Results The sample consisted of 2 260 male and 1 979 female patients. Univariate analyses showed that male patients were younger than female patients(t=5.398), having an earlier age at onset(t=5.662), higher percentage of being employed(χ2=31.597), and more negative symptoms(χ2=10.814)and aggressive behavior (χ2=5.816), more likely to receive clozapine (23.9%(472/1 979) vs. 28.5%(645/2 260),χ2=11.955), higher antipsychotic doses(476 mg vs. 514 mg,F=14.003), less use of antidepressants (7.9%(156/1 979) vs. 6.0%(136/2 260),χ2=5.722)and benzodiazepines(23.9%(472/1 979)vs. 20.0%(451/2 260),χ2=9.396), more frequent tardive dyskinesia(1.3%(25/1 979)vs. 2.1%(47/2 260),χ2=4.212)and less weight gain(11.0%(218/1 979)vs. 7.7%(173/2 260),χ2=14.233)and prolactin elevation(3.2%(63/1 979)vs. 1.7%(39/2 260),χ2=9.548;all P〈0.05). In multivariate analyses, greater rate of clozapine use (OR=1.268,P=0.001), less rate of benzodiazepines use(OR=0.841,P=0.025) and antidepressants(OR=0.78,P=0.045),higher rate of tardive dyskinesia(OR=1.879,P=0.014)and less weight gain (OR=0.669,P=0.001) an

关 键 词:精神分裂症 抗精神病药 处方 性别 调查 

分 类 号:R749.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]

 

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