江苏海门蛎岈山牡蛎礁生态现状评价  

Ecological status of a natural intertidal oyster reef in Haimen County,Jiangsu Province

作　　者：全为民[1] 周为峰[1] 马春艳[1] 冯美 周振兴 唐峰华[1] 吴祖立[1] 范瑞良 王云龙[1] 包小松 沈辉 成伟 

机构地区：[1]农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]江苏海门蛎岈山国家级海洋公园管理处,海门226156

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第23期7749-7757,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：江苏海门蛎岈山国家级海洋公园管理处项目;中央级公益性科研院所(东海水产研究所)基本科研业务费项目(2014G01,2015M01);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303047);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31170508)

摘　　要：基于2013—2014年间的生态调查结果,评价了江苏海门蛎岈山牡蛎礁的生态现状。无人机航拍结果显示,江苏海门蛎岈山分布有750个潮间带区牡蛎礁斑块,总面积约为201519.37 m2;与2003年相比,海门蛎岈山牡蛎礁面积约下降了38.8%。活体牡蛎的平均盖度约为66%,2013年5和9月熊本牡蛎Crassostrea sikamea的平均密度分别为(2199±363)个/m2和(2894±330)个/m2。2013年5月海门蛎岈山熊本牡蛎种群的平均肥满度(CI)和性腺指数(GI)分别为(9.76±0.95)%和(1013±82)mg/g,均显著低于浙江象山港养殖的熊本牡蛎种群(P<0.05)。海门蛎岈山熊本牡蛎的单倍体多样性和核苷酸多样性指数分别为0.119和0.00028,均高于长江口野生种群和浙江象山港养殖种群。海门蛎岈山熊本牡蛎种群受到尼氏单孢子虫(Haplosporidium nelson)的轻度浸染,其感染率(17.2%)低于浙江象山港养殖群体(47.3%)。泥沙沉积和人类捕捞是江苏海门蛎岈山牡蛎礁面临的主要胁迫因子,今后牡蛎礁恢复的重点是增加附着底物的数量。Oyster reefs are important coastal habitats because they provide ecosystem services such as water filtration, habitat provision, shoreline stabilization, and nutrient retention. The Liyashan oyster reef is located inshore of the Dongzhao Port, Haimen County, Jiangsu Province, and it is a natural intertidal reef. The oyster reef supports abundant species and high fishery production, and it is a major spawning ground for the roughskin sculpin, Trachidermusfasciatus, which is listed as a second-grade state protection animal. However, there is limited information on the ecological status of the natural oyster reef. In this study, we mapped the reef footprint and monitored oyster populations （species, density, biomass, size- frequency, body condition, genetic diversity, and parasite infection ） at the Liyashan oyster reef on the basis of field investigations conducted in 2013 and 2014 and compared the metrics to those of farmed oysters. Aerial photos obtained using an unmanned plane indicate that the natural oyster reef is composed of 750 intertidal reef patches, and the area of a patch ranges from 0.98 m2 to 16330 m2. The total area of the intertidal reef is approximately 0.201 km2. However, the aerial footprint of the natural reef has declined by approximately 39% in the past decade because of sedimentation. Mean cover for live oysters was 66%, and mean densities of the oyster Crassostrea sikamea were between 2199 and 2894 ind./m2. The percentage of oyster spats with respect to size-frequency distribution was greater in September than in May, showing high recruitment of oyster larvae in the summer. Mean flesh content, condition index, and gonad index of C. sikamea were （ 32.15±1.80） %, （ 9.76 ± 0.95 ） %, and （ 600 ± 116） mg/g, respectively. These values were significantly lower at the Liyashan natural oyster reef than at nearby aquaculture sites （（36.50±2.34） %, （15.24±1.04） %, and （1013±82） mg/g! respectively） in Xiangshan Bay, Zhejiang Province. Haplotype diversity and nucleot

关 键 词：无人机 牡蛎礁 尼氏单孢子 遗传多样性 生态恢复 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]