作物防御UV-B辐射伤害的机理  

Preventive Mechanisms to UV- B Radiation Damages in Crops

作　　者：李彦生[1] 金剑[1] 王光华[1] 刘晓冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2016年第4期223-233,共11页Soils and Crops

基　　金：科技部支撑项目(2014BAD11B01-A01);黑龙江省科技厅重大项目(GA14B101-A01)

摘　　要：自上世纪80年代中期发现南极"臭氧洞"及平流臭氧层耗竭现象以来,有关UV-B影响生物和生态系统的研究逐渐成为气候变化研究关注的热点之一。过去40年里,针对UV-B增加对作物的潜在影响,研究者们展开了大量深入细致的研究。研究发现,自然和增强的UV-B降低作物产量的幅度一般不会超过20%,这种有限的产量损失反映了作物自身特有的防御UV-B损伤的机制。本文从植(作)物对UV-B辐射增强表现的4个层次,即植物形态、生理、生物化学和分子水平变化的光形态建成和胁迫响应,对作物防御UV-B辐射伤害的可能机制予以综述,并提出了今后需要注重研究的几个方向,旨为抗UV-B育种和农艺措施制定提供具有现实价值的信息和理论依据。Since the discovery of the Antarctic ＇ ozone hole＇ and general depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer in the mid - 1980 s, significant interest in documenting the effects of UV - B radiation （280 nm -315 nm） on organisms and ecosystems has been one of the most important concern of global change. A substantial number of studies have been intensively conducted over the last several decades to assess the potential impacts of long - term increases in ultraviolet - B radiation on crop plants, and have shown a diverse range of re- sponses. Direct effects of natural or enhanced levels of UV - B radiation on plant yield have been detected to be modest, with growth reductions generally not exceeding 20% under field conditions. This limited impact reflects the activity of protective mechanisms in crop plants. This article summarizes changes at the physiological, morphological, biochemical and molecular levels, and proposes several future avenues with an aim to better understand the mechanisms whereby solar UV - B radiation boosts the expression of natural plant defenses. It could provide important elements for biotechnological, traditional crop breeding and viable cropping strategies programs.

关 键 词：UV-B辐射 植物形态 UV-B吸收化合物 抗氧化防御系统 基因表达 

分 类 号：X503.231[环境科学与工程—环境工程]