论《伤寒论》《金匮要略》《温病条辨》中高频药物的运用  

On High Frequency of Drug Use in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases and Essentials from the Golden Cabinet and Systematic Differentiation of Warm Diseases

作　　者：陈思茵 温玉[1] 马晓峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学,天津300193

出　　处：《河南中医》2016年第12期2047-2050,共4页Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：2012年天津市教委立项课题(编号:C04-1005K)

摘　　要：《伤寒论》《金匮要略》《温病条辨》中解表药的运用具有以下特点:1《伤寒论》在用药上以发散风寒为主,有少量发散风热药的运用,主要治疗外感风寒表证,用药主张辛温发汗解表。2与《伤寒论》相比,《金匮要略》亦重视使用桂枝、生姜、麻黄等药,又增加了防风、菊花、大豆黄卷的使用;扩大了解表药的运用范围,用于治+疗各种内伤杂病。3《温病条辨》沿用《伤寒论》与《金匮要略》中对麻黄、生姜等药的运用,但《温病条辨》更善于辛凉解表,共运用9种发散风热药。《温病条辨》在辛温解表药中增加了香薷与荆芥的运用。《伤寒论》《金匮要略》《温病条辨》中清热药的运用具有以下特点:1《伤寒论》以清热泻火药、清热燥湿药为主。其中用以治疗里热实证的药较多见。2与《伤寒论》相比,《金匮要略》除以上药物运用外,还增强了清热解毒药、清热凉血药以及清虚热药的运用,以治疗各种内伤杂病。3《温病条辨》中延续了《伤寒论》《金匮要略》中清热泻火药和清热燥湿药的运用,还加重了清热解毒药、清热凉血药的比重。《伤寒论》《金匮要略》《温病条辨》中补虚药的运用具有以下特点:1《伤寒论》以补气药为主,兼用少量补血药。2《金匮要略》补气药的运用与《伤寒论》基本相似,增加了黄芪的应用,并且加重了丸剂的应用,重视使用蜂蜜。妇科病独立三篇,重用补血药,增加了补阳的紫石英及补阴的麦冬、百合等药的运用,增加了补虚药的运用种类。3《温病条辨》用药延续了《伤寒论》与《金匮要略》中补气、补血、补阳药的运用,增加了杜仲、菟丝子等补阳药。此外,丰富了补阴药的运用,如沙参、麦冬等。温热邪气易伤阴液,故增加了滋阴药。In Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases ,Essentials from the Golden Cabinet ,and Systematic Differentiation of Warm Disea- ses, drug use of superficies-releasing medicinal has the following characteristics： Din Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, medicinal for expelling wind and cold is used most, and a small amount of medicinal for expelling wind and heat is also used. They are main- ly used to treat syndrome of exogenous wind and cold by sweating and releasing superficies with acrid and warm natures. Com- pared with Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases. Essentials from the Golden Cabinet also pays attention to use of Guizhi （Ramulas Cinnamomi ） , Shengjiang （ Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens ） and Mahuang （ Herba Ephedrae ） , and adds Fangfeng （ Radix Saposhnik- oviae）, Juhua （ Flos Chrysanthemi） and Dadouhuangjuan （Semen Sojae Germinattum） ;Besides,it expands the application range of superficies-releasing medicinal to treat various miscellaneous diseases. Systemntic Differentiation of Warm Diseases continues to use Mahaang （Herba Ephedrae）, Shengjiang （Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens）, etc, but it is better use of releasing superficies with ac- rid and cold natures, It uses 9 kinds of medicinal for expelling wind and heat. Besides, it adds Xiangru （Herba Moslae） and Jingjie （Herba Schizonepetae） for releasing superficies with acrid and warm natures. In terms of drug use of heat-clearing medici- nal the three classics have the following characteristics：Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases mainly uses heat-clearing and fire- purging medicinal and heat-clearing and dampness-drying medicinal and among of them the ones for treating sthenia syndrmne of internal heat are often used. Compared with Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, Essentials from the Golden Cabinet adds heat- clearing and toxicity-remowng medicinal, heat-clearing and blood-cooling medicinal, and asthenia heat-clearing medicinal to treat various miscellaneous diseases. Compared with Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, and Essentials from

关 键 词：《伤寒论》 《金匮要略》 《温病条辨》 解表药 清热药 补虚药 张仲景 

分 类 号：R222.2[医药卫生—中医基础理论]