基于三维城市模型的GNSS性能定量研究  

Quantitative Analysis of the Effects of Urban Canyons on GNSS Performance Based on 3D City Models

作　　者：蔡熙[1] 刘松林[2] 张鹏飞[1] 许承东[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081 [2]解放军信息工程大学导航与空天目标工程学院,河南郑州450052

出　　处：《计算机仿真》2016年第12期13-19,共7页Computer Simulation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61173077);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2011AA12050)

摘　　要：在城市峡谷环境下,全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)性能显著下降,选择合适的单系统或多系统用以导航,是用户迫切需要解决的问题。传统方法分别对GNSS各单项性能进行评价,不足以比较不同系统综合性能的优劣,因而不能为用户选择合适的系统提供依据。为解决上述问题,提出了通过建立三维城市模型,并利用模糊综合评价理论(FCE)从精度、可用性、连续性与完好性四个方面对GNSS导航性能进行综合评价的方法。仿真结果显示,在实验区域,GPS+BDS+GLONASS构成的组合系统的性能显著优于其它系统,是用户的最优选。就单系统而言,GPS略优于BDS,且均明显优于GLONASS。证明了上述方法定量评价GNSS导航性能精度高,可为用户选择合适的导航系统提供依据。In urban canyons, global navigation satellite system （GNSS） performs poor. The reason is that the satellite signals are always blocked by obstructions. Quantitative comparison of the performance of different satellite navigation systems can provide a basis to analyze their advantages and disadvantages. This paper proposes a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation （FCE） theory to quantitatively evaluate the performance of GNSS, and systematically puts for- ward how to quantitatively analyze precision, availability, continuity and integrity. A simulation is conducted to emulate the real environment of urban canyons. Based on geographical data, a 3 - Dementional city model of Dengfeng city which includes thousands of building models is built. Results show that in Dengfeng, the performance of GPS is better than BDS and much better than GLONASS. A multisystem has better performance than a single system. GPS ＋ GLONASS ＋ BDS has the best performance and gets a high FCE result of 0. 3268, while the FCE result of GPS, BDS and GLONASS are 0. 1722, 0. 1570 and 0. 0970 respectively.

关 键 词：城市峡谷 全球导航卫星系统 模糊综合评价 三维城市模型 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]