典型生境中氨氧化古菌和厌氧氨氧化细菌的分布和丰度  

Distribution and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in typical habitats

作　　者：徐相龙 陈祥春[2] 刘国华[1] 范强[1] 王皓[1] 任争光[1] 齐鲁[1] 王洪臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [2]济南热力有限公司,山东济南250100

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2016年第12期59-64,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(No.15XNLD04)

摘　　要：运用分子生物学方法研究了某富营养化湖泊污泥（以下简称湖泊污泥）、某长期施肥的稻田土壤（以下简称稻田土壤）和某污水处理厂硝化污泥（以下简称硝化污泥）中氨氧化古菌（AOA）和厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）细菌的分布及丰度。结果表明,湖泊污泥、稻田土壤和硝化污泥中AOA的amoA基因Shannon指数分别为1.64、2.14、0.57,稻田土壤的生物多样性最丰富;但以上3种生境中AOA的amoA基因丰度分别为（1.45±0.13）×10^7、（7.24±0.25）×10^5、（3.46±0.22）×10^5拷贝数/g（以干质量计,下同）,湖泊污泥中最大。湖泊污泥和稻田土壤中的AOA与水/沉积物中的古菌亲缘关系相近,既有来自水/沉积物分支,又有来自土壤/沉积物分支;硝化污泥中的AOA与土壤/沉积物中的古菌亲缘关系相近,全部来自土壤/沉积物分支。湖泊污泥、稻田土壤和硝化污泥中ANAMMOX细菌的16SrRNA基因Shannon指数都较小,生物多样性不丰富,但hzsB基因的丰度分别达到（1.32±0.17）×10^8、（2.88±0.28）×10^8、（7.76±0.25）×10^8拷贝数/g。湖泊污泥、稻田土壤中ANAMMOX细菌的优势种属于Brocadia属;硝化污泥中ANAMMOX细菌的Brocadia和Kuenenia几乎各占一半。The distribution and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea（AOA）and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing（ANAMMOX）bacteria in typical habitats of lake sediment,paddy soil and nitrification sludge were investigated using molecular biology methods.Results showed that amoA gene Shannon indexes of AOA in lake sediment,paddy soil and nitrification sludge were 1.64,2.14 and 0.57,respectively,indicating the richest biodiversity in paddy soil.However,amoA gene abundances of AOA in the 3above habitats were（1.45±0.13）×10^7,（7.24±0.25）×10^5 and（3.46±0.22）×10^5 copies/g（dry weight）,respectively,indicating the highest gene abundance in lake sediment.AOA in lake sediment and paddy soil was close to archaea of water/sediment branch,deriving from water/sediment branch or soil/sediment branch.AOA in nitrification sludge was close to archaea of soil/sediment branch,all deriving from soil/sediment branch.16 SrRNA gene Shannon indexes of ANAMMOX bacteria in the 3above habitats were all low,indicating apoor biodiversity.However,hzsB gene abundance of ANAMMOX bacteria in the 3above habitats reached（1.32±0.17）×10^8,（2.88±0.28）×10^8 and（7.76±0.25）×10^8 copies/g（dry weight）,respectively.The dominant species of ANAMMOX bacteria in lake sediment and paddy soil belonged to Brocadia while that in nitrification sludge belonged to Brocadia and Kuenenia almost equally.

关 键 词：氨氧化古菌 厌氧氨氧化细菌 生物多样性 基因丰度 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]