论国际贸易合同中信用证付款买方的开证义务与付款义务  

The Obligation of Opening the L/C and Payment of the Buying Party in International Trading Contracts Paid by L/C

作　　者：孙嘉珣 

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《商业研究》2016年第12期185-192,共8页Commercial Research

摘　　要：买方开立了信用证是否免除了付款义务,现有的国际贸易规则并没有规定,而实践中基本否认了"绝对的付款"学说,各国纷纷选择"有条件的付款"和"完全不是付款"理论来处理此问题。本文通过对国际贸易规则、各国司法实践的分析,讨论信用证付款的国际贸易合同中买方的开证义务与付款义务,认为信用证属于"附属的担保",但并不否认银行付款义务的第一性;信用证独立原则是单方向的,即信用证独立于买卖合同,但买卖合同不独立于信用证,若卖方接受了与基础合同不符的信用证、或买方主动放弃单证不符点,则相当于对基础合同进行了修改。因此,国际贸易中信用证业务要积极预防控制风险,出险时要采取有效途径积极减损。Through analysis, this paper finds out that there is no particular international trading rules of whether the buy- ing party is relieved from payment obligation after having opened the L/C. Most countries deny ＂absolute payment＂ in practice and choose the theories of ＂conditional payment＂ or ＂no payment at all＂ to deal with the previous issue. Based on the analysis of international trading rules and juridical practices of certain countries, this paper comprehensively dis- cusses the buying parties＇ obligation of opening L/C and payment in international trading contracts paid by L/C, thinking the L/C means ＂collateral guarantee＂, but it doesn＇t deny that the payment obligation of the bank is still primary; the independence of L/C is a one-way principle, which means that the L/C is independent from the purchase contract but the purchase contract is not independent from the L/C. If the selling party accepts the L/C that is inconsistent with the purchase contract, or if the buying party voluntarily waives discrepancies, the purchase contract is modified. Therefore, L/C business should actively prevent and control risk in international trade, and decrease losses for the selling parties.

关 键 词：信用证 拒付 付款义务 信用证独立 

分 类 号：F525[经济管理—产业经济]