上风向水平轴风力机塔影效应数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of tower shadow effect of upwind horizontal axis wind turbine

作　　者：孟龙[1] 何炎平[1] 赵永生[1] 郭子伟[1] 吴俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学,高新船舶与深海开发装备协同创新中心,海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2016年第12期31-37,共7页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(编号:2014CB046200)

摘　　要：风力机塔架和叶片之间的相互作用是影响风力机气动性能的主要因素之一,本文以美国国家可再生能源实验室(National Renewable Energy Laboratory,NREL)的5MW风力机为研究对象,使用雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes,RANS)方程和剪切应力输运(Shear-Stress Transport,SST)k-ω湍流模型,采用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法对三叶片上风向水平轴风力机开展了塔影效应的分析研究.为了得到更加精确的模拟结果,在模拟计算之前开展了网格无关性验证以及模型验证.模拟过程中使用了两种模型:带有塔架的风力机模型以及没有塔架的风轮模型,通过对两种模型的模拟研究得到了塔影效应对风力机气动特性的影响.同时,本文也开展了基于动量叶素理论的方法对塔影效应的研究,并且比较了这两种研究方法.结果表明:上风向水平轴风力机的塔影效应是非常明显的;塔影效应的存在使风力机气动荷载出现突变,对风力机叶片和塔架都会产生不利影响;塔影效应的存在对风力机气动荷载的平均值影响较小,使风轮的平均推力值下降0.46%、平均功率值下降0.87%.本文为进一步研究塔影效应对风力机气动特性的影响提供了一些参考.The tower-blade interaction is one of key reasons that would seriously affect the wind turbine aerodynamic performance. Simulation of tower shadow effect for a three-bladed, upwind offshore wind turbine using STAR-CCM＋ software is researched. The model of national renewable energy laboratory （NREL） 5 MW baseline wind turbine is used in this simulation by computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method. Based on the reynolds averaged navier-stokes （RANS） equations and the shear-stress transport （SST） k-co turbulence model, aerodynamic simulations for NREL 5 MW turbine have been studied. Model validation and grid-independence verification are conducted in order to have more accurate results. The aerodynamic simulations of wind turbine model with tower and rotor model without tower are carried out separately. The impacts of tower shadow effect on aerodynamic performance are obtained by comparison of two models. The method of blade element momentum （BEM） is also used to study tower shadow effect, and two research methods are compared. Simulation results demonstrate that the tower shadow effect is remarkable. Mutation caused by tower shadow effect of aerodynamic performance is emerged and it will cause some adverse results for blades and tower. Impact of tower shadow effect on average value of wind turbine aerodynamic load is not significant. As is shown by simulation results, average thrust of wind turbine is declined by 0.46% and average power is declined by 0.87%. This paper could also provide some references for further research about the influence of tower shadow effect on aerodynamic performance.

关 键 词：上风向风力机 塔影效应 气动荷载 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]