河北平原潮土中微生物对氮降解特征  

Characteristics of Microbial Nitrogen Degradation in Fluvo-aquic Soil of Hebei Plain

作　　者：张灿灿[1,2] 庞会从[1,2] 高太忠[1,2] 张静[1,2] 李晓玉 付胜霞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院,石家庄050018 [2]河北省污染防治生物技术重点实验室,石家庄050018

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第12期4830-4840,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41373096);河北省高校重点学科建设项目

摘　　要：了解土壤中微生物对氮素降解规律,对于土壤氮污染修复具有重要现实意义.从河北平原潮土中筛选出8种高效氨化细菌、硝化细菌、异养硝化好氧反硝化细菌,对所筛菌种进行16S r DNA分析,选出最适菌株通过固定化载体将菌种制成菌剂.探讨了用加入所筛菌种及拮抗菌的菌液和地表水分别滴灌小白菜对土壤中的氮降解产生的影响,并测定土样磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)的值.结果表明:以硅藻土为载体硝化细菌的氨氮降解率达到38%,硝态氮合成率为205%;以硅藻土为载体的氨化细菌氨氮合成率为1 711%,异养硝化好氧反硝化细菌的硝态氮降解率达到367%.加所筛菌液滴灌对土壤总氮和氨氮的降解效果较好,硝化作用也较强,加菌后土壤中微生物量明显增加,且更快到达峰值.对不同土样不同时间磷脂脂肪酸数据分析发现,在白菜生长过程中,土壤中的微生物含量均产生了1次峰值,且加入所筛菌的先到达峰值.对于任丘和阜城土样来说,加入所筛菌后,土壤中微生物种类相应增多,对土壤微生物环境有所改善,微生物也比较活跃.Understanding the law of soil microbial degradation of nitrogen is of great practical significance for the remediation of soil nitrogen pollution. From fluvo-aquic soil of Hebei plain,8 kinds of bacteria,including nitrification bacteria,ammonification bacteria,heterotrophic nitrification to aerobic denitrification bacteria were isolated and analyzed by 16 S r DNA identification,and the most suitable strains were selected to prepare bacterial agents with optimized carrier materials. The effects of the screened strains of bacteria or antagonistic fungus to Chinese cabbage in the process of drip irrigation on nitrogen and PLFA（ Phospholipid Fatty Acids） values in the soils were discussed. The results showed that by using diatomite as a carrier,the ammonia nitrogen degradation rate was 38% and the synthetic rate of nitrate was 205% with ammonibacteria,the synthetic rate of ammonia nitrogen was 1 711% with ammonibacteria,the degradation rate of nitrate nitrogen was 367% with heterotrophic nitrification to aerobic denitrification bacteria. In drip irrigation experiment,total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in soil were better degraded and nitrification was stronger in the soil,meanwhile,PLFA in the soil increased and content of microbes reached the peak in shorter time,the soil biological environment was better after irrigation with screened bacteria.

关 键 词：潮土 氨化细菌 硝化细菌 异养硝化好氧反硝化细菌 氮的降解 PLFA技术 河北平原 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53