长期深窄沟排水对冷浸田土壤脱潜特性及水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Long-term Deep-narrow Drainage Ditches on Degleyfication Characteristics of Cold-waterlogged Paddy Soil and Rice Yield

作　　者：林诚[1] 李清华[1] 王飞[1] 刘启鹏 林丽红 何春梅[1] 钟少杰[1] LIN Chengl LI Qinghuaj WANG Fei. LIU Qipeng LIN Lihong HE Chunmei ZHONG Shaojie(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China Shunchang Soil and Fertilizer Station, Shunchang, Fujian 353200, China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福州350013 [2]福建省顺昌县土壤肥料技术站,福建顺昌353200

出　　处：《土壤》2016年第6期1151-1158,共8页Soils

基　　金：公益性(农业)行业专项(201003059-08);福建公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2015R1022-5;2016R1021-2)资助

摘　　要：冷浸田为江南稻区广泛分布的一种中低产田。以福建省顺昌县持续运行约30年的石砌深窄沟为监测平台,通过田间土壤速测与室内检验,研究长期深窄沟排水对离沟不同距离冷浸田土壤脱潜特性及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:冷浸田经过长期深窄沟排水,在离沟25 m范围内,与典型冷浸田(离沟75 m位点)土壤相比,土壤Eh提高幅度为288.2%~323.4%,土壤水分下降幅度为7.5%~36.2%,土壤还原性物质总量、Fe^(2+)、Mn^(2+)等含量均有不同降低,并表现为离沟越近,提高或降幅越大的趋势。开沟后0~25 m范围内,土壤p H降低0.13~0.69个单位,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮分别提高66.0%~99.0%、77.0%~275.1%,土壤有效养分含量提高,土壤耕性得到明显改善,离沟15 m以内位点可以实现机耕。开沟后,25 m范围内作物产量可提高6.6%~20.7%,且离沟越近增幅越大。在冷浸田特殊的环境下,土壤还原强度大小是制约作物产量的主要因素。长期开沟排水促进了土壤有机质矿化,增强了土壤微生物活性,产量提升明显。从综合改造效果看,距沟15~20 m以内对土壤理化性质改良与产量提升效果较为明显。Cold-waterlogged paddy fields across Jiangnan rice-growing regions belong to low-yield paddy fields. Deep-narrow drainage is beneficial for such fields in improving grain yield. In this paper, the effects of long-term deep-narrow drainage on the characteristics of cold-waterlogged paddy soil and the yield of rice were studied, using a 30-year investigation system in Shunchang County, Fujian Province. The results showed that compared with the typical cold-waterlogged paddy soil （more than 75 m distance from drainage）, the soil Eh was increased by 288.2%-323.4% in long-term deep-narrow drainage paddy soil （within 25 m distance from drainage）. And the water contents were decreased by 7.5%-36.2% and the concentrations of total reducing agents, Fe2~ and Mn2~ were decreased by deep-narrow drainage. The pH, MBC and MBN contents were increased by 0.13-0.69, 66.0%-99.0% and 77.0%-275.1% respectively in paddy soils within 25 m distance from deep-narrow drainage, the nutrient availability and soil tilth were improved and then the agricultural machinery could work in the field within 25 m distance from drainage. The intensity of soil reduction is one of the key elements for crop growth in cold-waterlogged paddy fields. The mineralization of soil organic matter and the activity of soil microbe were improved by drainage and then crop yields were increased by 6.6%-20.7%, and the increasing range of yield was decreased with the distance increasing from drainage. In a word, there was a significant positive impact of deep-narrow drainage within 25 m distance on the characteristics of cold-waterlogged paddy soil and the yield of crop.

关 键 词：深沟排水 冷浸田 还原性物质 脱潜育化 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] S278[农业科学—农业基础科学]