两类木本植物对岸带土壤磷素的去除作用研究  

On the removal ability of phosphorus in littoral area soil by the two kinds of woody plants

作　　者：戈鑫[1] 李梦娜[1] 程锐[1] 王梦瑶[1] 郑迪[1] 王丽红[1] 陶丽华[1] 周青[1] GE Xin LI Meng-na CHENG Rui WANG Meng-yao ZHENG Di WANG Li-hong TAO Li-hua ZHOU Qing(School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学环境与土木工程学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2016年第6期308-314,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：科技部"十二五"水体污染与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-013);江南大学科研创新项目(2013212;2013218)

摘　　要：为了解植物对水体岸边过渡带土壤磷素去除作用的差异和机理,以及为构建生态岸堤带,防治水体富营养化提供理论依据,选用太湖地区常见且适合岸带生长的两类木本植物灌木火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)、迎春(Jasminum nudiflorum)、构骨冬青(Ilex cornuta)、大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus)、扶芳藤(Euonymus fortunei)和乔木广玉兰(Magnolia grandiflora)、香樟(Cinnamonum campora)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)为试材,采用模拟不同磷素水平土壤的盆栽试验方法,研究不同磷素水平土壤对两类木本植物叶片磷质量比、叶绿素质量比及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,分析植物对磷素利用差异,并比较不同植物对土壤中磷素去除作用的强弱。结果表明,低磷质量比时灌木中构骨冬青叶片磷质量比增加最多,乔木中马尾松、广玉兰叶片磷质量比增加显著;中、高磷质量比时,灌木中火棘、乔木中马尾松叶片磷质量比增幅最大,分别达108%、209%。土壤中磷质量比均显著降低,且两类木本植物对土壤磷吸收率相差不大,但灌木中火棘吸收率均最大。综合分析各植物叶绿素质量比与叶绿素荧光参数可知,灌木中扶芳藤、构骨冬青,乔木中广玉兰、马尾松低磷质量比时抗胁迫能力更好;灌木中火棘,乔木中广玉兰中磷质量比时抗胁迫能力更好;灌木中大叶黄杨、火棘,乔木中马尾松高磷质量比时抗胁迫能力更好,生长良好。研究表明,在生长良好的前提下,低磷质量比时灌木中构骨冬青、乔木中马尾松对磷的吸收最明显;对中、高质量比磷素污染土壤,灌木中火棘、乔木中马尾松的修复能力最好。The paper intends to disclose the removal mechanism and difference of phosphorus in the littoral areas of the embank- ment transitional zone by the woody plants in hoping to provide a reference for building such eco-embankment environment. For this purpose, we have made investigations over the purification function, the repairing function status in-situ for the contaminated soil using plants to prevent eutrophication. In doing so, we have made our focus on the investigation of the impacts of the three lev- els of soil phosphorus content on the chlorophyll content, the chlorophyll fluorescence reaction and the total phosphorus content in the plant leaves by way of doing pot experiments. Specifically speaking, we have chosen two kinds of woody plants eommonly grown on the banks of Taihu Lake, that is, the shrubs （Pyracan- tha fortuneana, Jasminum nudiflorum, llex cornuta, Euonymus japonicus and Euonymusfortunei） and the trees （Magnolia gran- diflora, Cinnamonum campora, Pinus massoniana ） as our study samples. In the process, we have first of all made samples of the soils contaminated by different levels of the simulated phosphorus content according to the corresponding actual content levels of the phosphorus in the aforementioned area. The results of our experimental studies show the phosphorus contents of shrub Pyracantha fortuneana and tree Pinus massoniana treated with the middleand high-level phosphorus content, have been found improved quickest. Their increment rate can be expected to reach 108% and 209% respectively after cultured at high-level phosphorus ratio. At the same time, the two kinds of woody plants helps to reduce the phosphorus content in the soil significantly. What is most worthy to be mentioned is that shrub Pyracantha fortuneana has been found with the optimal phosphorus removal ability. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters has made us realize that shrub Euonymus fortunei and llex cornuta, and tree Magnolia grandiflor

关 键 词：环境科学技术基础学科 岸带 木本植物 土壤全磷 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]