生物炭对宁南山区马铃薯土壤理化性状及水分运移的影响  

Effects of Biological Carbon on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Moisture Movement of Potato in Ningnan Mountainous Region

作　　者：张国辉[1] 张新学[1] 郭鑫年[2] 王效瑜[1] 张建虎[1] 厚俊[1] 颉瑞霞[1] 余帮强[1] 郭志乾[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院固原分院,宁夏固原756000 [2]宁夏农林科学院资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2016年第11期73-76,共4页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏农林科学院青年基金项目"增施生物炭对宁南山区马铃薯土壤理化性状及水分运移的影响研究"(NKYQ-14-07);国家现代农业产业体系项目"马铃薯固原综合试验站"(CARS-10-ES30)

摘　　要：为宁南地区马铃薯种植中高效利用有限降雨提供参考,通过使用生物炭改良土壤理化性状,比较不同用量生物炭对土壤水分保蓄能力的影响,明确生物炭在宁南地区的合理用量。结果表明：在宁南山区,生物炭对马铃薯土壤物理性状及水分运移有明显影响,可显著提高马铃薯耕层土壤田间持水量和含水量,降低土壤容重,增加毛管孔隙度,进而提高土壤水分利用效率,实现高产。马铃薯生产中生物炭的最佳施用量为20t/hm^2,该条件下田间持水量为14.91%,比对照（空白）提高1.23-3.07百分点;容重1.24g/cm^3,比对照增加0.01-0.18g/cm^3;毛管孔隙度18.38%,较对照增加0.65-1.36百分点;提高马铃薯单株结薯个数、单株块茎重、单薯重、商品薯率;马铃薯平均产量2 480kg/667m^2,水分利用效率85.92kg/（hm^2·mm）,产量和水分利用效率较对照分别增加49.04%和48.14%。The effect of different biological carbon application amount on soil moisture storage capacity was compared to discuss the rational application amount of biological carbon and to provide a reference for efficient utilization of limited rainfall in potato cultivation in Ningnan region.Results：Biological carbon has the significant influence on physical property and water movement of potato soil,significantly improves topsoil field moisture capacity and water content,reduces soil volume weight and increases soil capillary porosity,which can increases potato yield by improving soil moisture utilization efficiency.The field moisture capacity（14.91%）,soil volume weight（1.24g/cm^3）and soil capillary porosity（18.38%）under20t/hm^2 biological carbon application amount are 1.23%-3.07%,0.01-0.18g/cm^3 and 0.65%-1.36%higher than CK respectively.Applying 20t/hm^2 biological carbon application amount can increase tubes per plant,tuber weight per plant,single tuber weight and commodity potato rate.The average yield and water utilization efficiency of potato under 20t/hm^2 biological carbon application amount are 2 480kg/667m2and85.92kg/（hm^2·mm）,49.04% and 48.14% higher than CK separately.

关 键 词：生物炭 水分 马铃薯 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]