机构地区:[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319
出 处:《中国土壤与肥料》2016年第6期21-29,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基 金:国家公益性行业(农业)专项(201303007);农业部转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2009ZX08011-025B);黑龙江省研究生创新科研资金项目(YJSCX2012-045HLJ);高校学成引进人才科研启动计划(XYB2014-02)
摘 要:以转入BADH基因的耐盐碱转基因大豆株系(SRTS)和其受体黑农35(HN-35),以及野生大豆(Y-21)、当地主栽品种抗线王(K)和盐碱敏感性品种合丰50(HF-50)为材料,在大田盐碱土壤条件下封闭种植,比较分析了耐盐碱转BADH基因大豆对根际土壤磷有效性的影响。研究结果表明,相比受体野生型大豆HN-35,SRTS、K和Y-21在苗期、花期和结荚期均表现出较高的有效磷、无机磷、微生物量磷含量以及较低的有机磷含量,以苗期和花期差异最为明显;SRTS植株根际土壤p H值在生长发育前期显著(P<0.05)低于HN-35,与Y-21和K差异不明显,而生育后期SRTS与HN-35差异不显著。根际土壤有机磷细菌数量在苗期、花期、结荚期和鼓粒期SRTS均显著高于其他品种大豆,无机磷细菌数量SRTS在花期、结荚期和鼓粒期占优势。且分别与微生物量磷呈极显著的正相关关系(R=0.607**;R=0.715**)。同时,SRTS根际土壤酸性和中性磷酸酶活性在各时期均显著(P<0.05)高于HN-35,以花期差异最为明显;而两者碱性磷酸酶活性差异仅在鼓粒期达显著水平。从上述结果可以看出,在大豆生长的一些时期,耐盐碱转基因大豆可能通过根系释放大量H+,使磷素转化的相关微生物群落结构和功能发生改变,从而增强盐碱土壤无机磷的水解和有机磷的矿化能力,促进磷素的循环和有效磷含量的提升,但其影响程度具时期性,且后期基本可得到恢复。In a field experiment, five soybean cultivars, which were transgenic soybean expressing betaine aldehyde dehydro-genase (BADH) gene ‘SRTS’, receptor cultivar ‘Heinong35 (HN-35)’, wild soybean cultivar ‘Y-21’, local cultivar‘Kangxianwang (K)’ and saline-alkaline sensitive cultivar ‘Hefeng50 (HF-50)’, were planted in saline-alkali soil. Using comparative analysis method, the effect of transgenic soybean expressing BADH gene on phosphorus ( P) availability in rhizo-sphere saline-alkali soil were revealed. Results showed that compared with wild-type receptor cultivar HN-35, SRTS, K and Y-21 had higher content of effective P, inorganic P and microbial biomass P, lower organic P content at seedlings, flowering and podding period, and all the difference reached a significant level (P〈0. 05). During the early growth stages, pH in the rhizosphere soil of SRTS was significantly lower than that of HN-35 (P〈0. 05), and there were no significant difference with K and Y-21. However, there were no significant differences in rhizosphere soil pH between SRTS and HN-35 at later growth stages. The number of organic phosphorus-mineralizing bacteria ( PMB) in SRTS’s rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than those of other cultivars at seedling, flowering, podding and filling stage. While the inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bac-teria ( PSB) in SRTS’s rhizosphere soil was also higher than those of other cultivars at flowering, podding and filling stage. Moreover, PMB and PSB number were positively correlated with the microbial biomass P, respectively ( R=0. 607; R=0. 715) . At all growth stages, SRTS simultaneously promoted acid and neutral phosphatase activity more obviously when compared with HN-35 (P〈0. 05), and the biggest increase occurred at flowering stage. But remarkable differences between SRTS and HN-35 only existed in alkaline phosphatase activity at filling stage. It showed that transgenic saline-alkaline tolerant soybean might release H+ and
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