不同玉米花生间作模式对系统产量及土地当量比的影响  

Effects of Different Maize-Peanut Intercropping Modes on System Yield and Land Equivalent Ratio

作　　者：孟维伟[1] 高华鑫 张正[1] 夏海勇[1] 刘灵艳 郭峰[2] 李宗新[3] 万书波[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,山东济南250100 [3]山东省农业科学院玉米研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2016年第12期32-36,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04);山东省2013年度农业重大应用技术创新课题"玉米//花生间作均衡增产增效技术体系研究";山东省青年基金项目(ZR2015YL063);山东省农业科学院创新工程项目"粮经饲三元种植关键技术"(CXGC2016B04)

摘　　要：为进一步明确以稳定玉米产量为目的的不同玉米花生间作模式对间作体系产量、产量构成和土地利用效率的影响,于2013-2014年连续两年通过设置玉米单作、花生单作、玉米花生带状复合种植(行比分别为2∶3、2∶4、3∶3、3∶4)6种种植模式,研究不同间作模式对玉米、花生产量及其产量构成因素、土地当量比的影响。结果表明:间作玉米净面积上产量随净面积上穗数的增加而显著增加,穗粒数和百粒重则呈下降趋势;玉米花生2∶4模式净面积上玉米公顷穗数和产量最高,其间作花生产量最高,是该试验条件下最有利于花生产量提高的一种间作模式;各间作模式土地当量比均大于1,表现出明显的产量优势;玉米花生3∶4模式系统产量最高,2013、2014年分别达到8 367.0、10 432.5 kg/hm2,均高于同年玉米单作对照和其它间作模式系统产量,其间作玉米、花生产量较高,获得最大土地当量比和系统产量,土地利用效率提高15%、21%,是一种较为理想的稳粮增油的种植方式。In order to clear the effects of different maize-peanut intercropping modes on system yield and its components and land use efficiency,a two-year field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2014 in North China. In the experiment,six cropping patterns were designed including maize monoculture,peanut monoculture,maize-peanut intercropping planting with row ratio as 2 ∶ 3,2 ∶ 4,3 ∶ 3 and 3 ∶ 4 respectively,and their effects on crop yield,yield components and land equivalent ratio were analyzed. The results showedthat the maize yield on net area of intercropping pattern increased significantly with ear number per hectare increasing,while the grain number per spike and 100-grain weight decreased. The intercropping mode of maize and peanut at the ratio of 2∶ 4 obtained the highest maize ear number per hectare and yield on net area and the intercropping peanut yield,so it was the most conducive to the intercropping peanut yield increase under the experimental conditions. The land equivalent ratios of these intercropping modes were all greater than1,which showed the obvious advantage on yield. The intercropping of maize and peanut at the ratio of 3∶ 4 obtained the highest system yield,which was 8 367. 0 kg / hm2 in 2013 and 10 432. 5 kg / hm2 in 2014; this intercropping pattern had advantages on maize and peanut yield,system yield,land equivalent ratio and the land use efficiency which increased 15% ~ 21%,so it is the ideal cultivation pattern for stabilizing crop yield and increasing oil production.

关 键 词：玉米花生间作 系统产量 产量构成 土地当量比 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S513[农业科学—农艺学]