我国民事鉴定证据制度的困境与出路——以鉴定不能为视角  

The Dilemma and Outlet of Civil Authentication Evidence System of China——From the Perspective of Cannot-Authentication

作　　者：于海旭 Yu Haixu(Beijing People＇ s Court of Yanqing District, Beijing 102100, China)

机构地区：[1]北京市延庆区人民法院,北京102100

出　　处：《北京化工大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第4期43-48,共6页Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：民事鉴定证据主要是指在民事诉讼活动中通过鉴定活动得出的鉴定意见。鉴定意见既是一种证据类型,同时也是为法官查明案件事实提供不可或缺帮助的工具,其所指向的目标是为事实裁判者认识能力欠缺提供的一种补强方式。民事鉴定证据制度在司法实践中存在着大量鉴定不能的困境。我国司法实践中,法官可以依职权申请鉴定,但不能依职权指定专家辅助人。在鉴定不能的情况下,法官首先应当充分利用专家辅助人制度,使专家辅助人制度作为鉴定证据制度的补充制度,如果专家辅助人制度仍然不能解决鉴定不能的问题,则需分配客观举证责任,以解决鉴定不能给裁判带来的困难。Civil authentication evidence mainly refers to the authentication opinion which derived from the authentication activities in the civil procedure. The authentication opinion is not only a type of evidence, but also an indispensable tool for judges to identify the facts of the cases; it aims to provide a reinforcing way for the judges because of the lack of cognitive ability. In the civil judicial practice, there is so much dilemma that authentication cannot be fulfilled. In the judicial practice of China, the judges may apply for the authentication by ex officio, but cannot use the expert aiders directly. If authentication cannot be fulfilled, the judge should first make full use of expert aider system, and then make the expert aider system a supplementary system of authentication evidence system. If the expert aider system still cannot solve the problem, we should assign objective burden of proof in order to solve the difficulties which authentication brings about to the judgement.

关 键 词：证据制度 鉴定意见 鉴定不能 专家辅助人 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]