毕克卷转虫Ammonia beccarii(Linnaeus，1758)的室内培养：温度和食物浓度对房室生长和摄食硅藻的影响  

LABORATORIAL CULTURE OF AMMONIA BECCARII (LINNAEUS,1758):THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND FOOD CONCENTRATION ON CHAMBER GROWTH AND INGESTION RATE ON DIATOM

作　　者：类彦立[1] 李承春[2] 李铁刚[1,3] 翦知湣[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物分类与系统演化实验室,青岛266071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所海洋沉积与环境地质国家海洋局重点实验室,青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,青岛266061 [4]同济大学海洋与地球科学院海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《微体古生物学报》2016年第4期350-362,共13页Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(XDA11030104);国家海洋局“全球变化与海气相互作用”专项(GASI-03-01-03-01,GASI-GEOGE-06-02,DOMEP(MEA)-01-01,No.201303);国家自然科学基金(41476043,41230959,41430965);大陆架科学钻探项目(GZH201100202)~~

摘　　要：毕克卷转虫Ammonia beccarii(Linnaeus,1758)是潮间带和陆架浅海沉积物中常见的底栖有孔虫类群,但因活体培养困难,国际间对其基础生物学研究甚少。本工作成功对A.beccarii建立了室内培养,采用食物移除法测定其对硅藻的摄食率,探讨了温度和食物浓度对其房室生长和摄食率的影响。实验显示A.beccarii成体每次繁殖可产生约50—100个子代幼体,2个月左右完成2个壳圈(约15个房室)的生长,达到成体的3—4个壳圈(20个房室以上)约需3—5个月。此外,A.beccarii的房室生长受不同培养温度的影响,20°C下房室长径和短径的增长皆快于15°C:15°C长、短径的平均增长率分别为0.99、0.93μm d-1;20°C壳体长、短径的平均增长率分别为2.21、2.10μm d-1,温度较低时壳体生长呈常见的椭圆形体态,温度升高壳体较大且胖圆。在温度为12、15、18、21、24°C和硅藻浓度200—1 000cells mm-2的培养条件下,A.beccarii的摄食率对硅藻浓度的响应模型各参数均有统计显著性,最大摄食率(Imax)和半饱和食物浓度(k)均随温度的升高而降低。随着温度的升高,Imax由12°C的1 014.23diatoms ind.-1 h-1降低到24°C时的656.26diatoms ind.-1 h-1,k由195.77diatoms mm-2降低到92.65diatoms mm-2,摄食率(I)的变化范围约为50—1 000diatom ind.-1 h-1。推测12—15°C可能为A.beccarii的最适温度范围,此温度也与野外调查黄、东海陆架表层沉积物中A.beccarii的丰度分布高值时的环境温度区间相符。本研究结果显示A.beccarii在海洋底栖生态系统中对摄食藻类具有一定的生态学功能,并具有喜好低温的特性。Ammonia beccarii （Linnaeus, 1758） is a common species among the benthic foraminiferal communities in the intertidal or neritic shelf sediments. Due to the methodological difficulties in laboratorial culture, to date, little data on its biological mechanism is available. In this study we successfully established a laboratorial culture system and measured the uptake of diatom by A. beccarii, using Nitzschia closterium as prey. The effects of temperature and food concentration on the chamber formation and ingestion rate were studied. Adult A. beccarii produced about 50--100 offsprings in each breeding. Young A. beccarii needs--2 months to grow test with 2 whorls （about 15 cham- bers）. Adult with 3--4 whorls （more than 20 chambers） needs 3--5 months in growing all chambers. Chamber growth in A. beccarii was affected by different temperature. The growth in the major axis and the minor axis were faster under 20℃ cultivation than those under 15℃. Average growth rates of the major and minor axes were 2.21 μm d-1 and 2.10 μm d-1 under 20 ℃ respectively, while were 0.99 μm d-1 and 0.93 μm d 1 under 15 ℃ respectively. Test formed an elliptical shape under low temperature cultivation, while more rounded and larger under higher temperature. Grazing experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature （12, 15, 18, 21 and 24℃） and food availability （200-1 000 cells mm-2 ） on uptake rates on diatom. There were significant effects of ingestion rate on diatom concentrations in statistical parameters of the response models. Both the maximum ingestion rate （Imax） and the half saturated food concentration （k） decreased when temperature enhanced. When temperature increased from 12 to 24℃, Imax decreased from a high of 1014.23 diatom ind. -1 h-1 at 12℃ to a low of 656.26 diatom ind. -1 h-1 at 24℃, and k reduced from 195.77 diatoms mm-2 to 92.65 diatoms mm-2 , ingestion rate（I）varying from 50 to 1 000 diatom ind. -1 h-1. Our results suggested that 12-15 ℃ might be the op

关 键 词：底栖有孔虫 室内培养 房室生长 繁殖 海洋生态 古环境 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]