肩胛上神经损伤原因的解剖学分析  

Anatomic study on suprascapular nerve injury

作　　者：张振华[1] 王浩人[2] 吴昆鹏[2] 高强[2] 王永奎[1] 张士强[1] 徐高磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,郑州450052 [2]郑州大学临床医学院,郑州450052

出　　处：《解剖学杂志》2016年第6期706-708,共3页Chinese Journal of Anatomy

基　　金：大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2016xjxm360)

摘　　要：目的：探讨肩胛上神经损伤的解剖学原因。方法：观察人肩胛切迹的形态，肩胛上神经和肌肉的关系，同时测量肩胛上神经在肩胛下孔处的转折角、肩胛上、下孔的横径、肩胛上、下横韧带的长度。结果：肩胛切迹U型58.82%，弧形17.65%，V型19.12%，半封闭型2.94%，全封闭型1.47%；肩胛上神经经过肩胛上孔进入冈上窝，之后经冈盂切迹进入冈下窝，此处有1个51.18°±6.93°的转折角，即肩胛上神经转折角；肩胛上孔由肩胛切迹和肩胛上横韧带围成，肩胛上孔横径（7.81±3.29）mm，韧带长（12.23±4.89）mm；肩胛下孔是由冈盂切迹和外侧的肩胛下横韧带（冈盂韧带）围成，其横径（8.79±3.96）mm，韧带长（21.26±5.45）mm。同时肩胛上神经主干主要在肌肉和肩胛骨面之间。结论：肩胛上神经自身走行的路径是其损伤的基础，肩关节反复活动对神经的牵拉是损伤的直接原因。Objective： To investigate the anatomical reasons for suprascapular nerve injury. Methods： Anatomical study was performed on 68 sides of upper extremities of adult cadavers processed by antisepsis. The scapular notch shape and relationship between nerves and muscles were studied and the nerve turning angle, transverse diameter of suprascapular and subscaputar foramen, the transverse suprascapular and subscapular ligament length were measured. Results： Scapular notch U type was 58.82%, arc type 17.65%, V type 19.12%, semi-closed type 2. 94% and fully enclosed type 1.47%. Suprascapular nerve went into the scapular supraspinatus fossa through suprascapular foramen, and had turn-angle about 51.18%＋6.93% at spinoglenoid notch. Supraseapular foramen was made up of transverse suprascapular ligament and scapular notch. The transverse diameter of suprascapular foramen was （7.81±3.29） mm and the transverse supraseapular ligament length was （12. 23±4.89） ram. Subscapular foramen was made up of transverse subseapular ligament and spinoglenoid notch, The transverse diameter of subscapular foramen was （8. 79±3.96） mm and the transverse subseapular ligament length was （21.26±5.45） ram. Meanwhile, suprascapular nerve trunk was distributed mainly between the muscles and scapula. Conclusion： The suprascapular nerve pathway forms the basis of suprascapular nerve injury, which is directly caused by the nerve traction from the repeated activities of the shoulder joint.

关 键 词：肩胛上神经 肩胛上孔 肩胛下孔 神经卡压 解剖学 

分 类 号：R688[医药卫生—骨科学] R322.8[医药卫生—外科学]