Interferencecompetitionbetweentwoinvasivefireants  被引量:5

Interference competition between two invasive fire ants

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作  者:雷妍圆[1] 吕利华[1] 何余容[2] 李世茂[1,2] 石庆型[1,2] LEI Yan-Yuan LU Li-Hua HE Yu-Rong Li Shi-Mao SHI Qing-Xing(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China)

机构地区:[1]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广州510640 [2]华南农业大学农学院,广州510642

出  处:《应用昆虫学报》2016年第6期1369-1377,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基  金:“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD08802);美国农业部国际合作项目(58-6402-1-047FN);广州市科技计划项目(201510010232);广东省农业科学院院长基金项目(201426)

摘  要:【目的】为了探讨入侵火蚁在我国成功定殖及其之间的竞争机制。【方法】运用行为学方法研究红火蚁Solenopsis invicta(Buren)和热带火蚁Solenopsisgem inata(Fabricius)在个体水平和群体水平上的攻击性、攻击手段及合作能力。【结果】一对一攻击试验中,红火蚁和热带火蚁之间攻击级别多集中在3级,两种入侵蚂蚁间以相互威胁为主;红火蚁大型工蚁与热带火蚁兵、工蚁间最为好斗,其攻击级别达到4级的比例最高,分别为33.04%、37.92%。热带火蚁兵蚁与各型红火蚁间攻击强度差异不显著;热带火蚁工蚁与红火蚁小型工蚁之间的攻击性最强,其攻击性(3.49)显著高于热带火蚁工蚁与红火蚁大、中型工蚁的攻击性(3.32和2.97)。在攻击手段上,3级打斗时各型红火蚁更倾向以物理攻击主动威胁热带火蚁,而热带火蚁兵、工蚁会采取多种方式主动攻击红火蚁,双方皆以躲避应对为主;4级打斗时两种火蚁主要以混合攻击为主动或应对手段。群体攻击试验显示,红火蚁群体间攻击强度和合作性会随着群体数量的增加而显著增加,热带火蚁合作性较差,其群体对抗红火蚁的优势仅仅是由于个体数量的增加。【结论】红火蚁比热带火蚁具有更强的竞争优势。研究结果为入侵蚂蚁间不对称竞争机制和长期群落替代的内在原因提供理论基础。[Objectives] To explore the mechanism of interference competition between two successful invasive fire ant species, Solenopsis invicta (Buren) and Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius). [Methods]A series of individual and group behavioral assays were conducted to examine the aggressive responses of these two species. [Results] In individual aggression assays, aggression was mostly at level 3; workers or soldiers of both species tended to adopt threat postures rather than actually fighting. The greatest proportion of level 4 aggressive behavior was displayed by major workers of S. invicta and workers/soldiers of S. geminate (33.04% and 37.92%, respectively). Soldiers of S. geminate, and all castes of S. invicta, did not differ significantly in aggressive responses. Minor S. invicta workers and S. geminata workers had a significantly higher aggression index (3.49) than those of medium and major S. invicta workers and S. geminata workers (3.32 and 2.97, respectively), suggesting that aggression between minor S. invicta workers and S. geminata workers was more intense. Level 3 aggressive behavior, which was comprised of either physical attack, chemical attack, or both, was variable in either species. Physical attack was the first aggressive response by all S. invicta workers, whereas S. geminata employed any of the three aggressive modes at random. Either of the two species tended to avoid physical combat when they were defenders rather thanaggressors. At level 4, both physical and chemical attacks were the major mode of aggression, or defense, by either species. In interspecific group aggression tests, both aggressive intensity and conspecific interactions were stronger in S. invicta than in S. geminata, and the aggressive ability ofS. geminata against S. invicta increased with cumulative individual biomass, suggesting that S. invicta was competitively superior to S. geminata. [Conclusion] This work lays a theoretical foundation for further study of the mechanism of interference competition and comoeti

关 键 词:红火蚁 热带火蚁 干扰竞争 攻击手段 合作性 

分 类 号:Q96[生物学—昆虫学]

 

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