乌兰布和沙漠东北缘近地层风速和降尘量特征  

Characteristics of near-surface wind speed and sand-dust flux at northeast edge of Ulan Buh Desert

作　　者：罗凤敏[1] 辛智鸣[1] 高君亮[1] 郝玉光[1] 葛根巴图[1] 李新乐[1] Luo Fengmin Xin Zhiming Gao Junliang Hao Yuguang Ge Genbatu Li Xinle(Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration/Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业局内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统定位观测研究站/中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心,磴口015200

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第24期147-154,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：十二五"科技支撑课题"干旱区沙漠边缘防风固沙体系构建技术研究与试验示范"(2012BAD16B0103);国家林业局防沙治沙专题"乌兰布和沙漠东北部荒漠化定位监测

摘　　要：选择乌兰布和沙漠东北缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带和绿洲为定位监测点,基于磴口生态站近地层（0~50 m）风沙监测塔2013年全年的风速和降尘数据,分析了沙漠东北缘近地层风沙时空变化规律。研究结果如下：1）过渡带和绿洲内近地层的风速均随着高度增加而增大,风速廓线特征可用幂函数表示;过渡带风速显著高于绿洲内风速。2）过渡带和绿洲内近地层沙尘水平通量和降尘量均随着高度增加而减少,其分布特征遵循幂函数关系;过渡带沙尘水平通量显著高于绿洲内,说明绿洲防护体系对沙尘具有明显的削弱作用;过渡带沙尘水平通量与降尘量之间为线性关系,而绿洲内二者之间为指数函数关系。3）在春、夏、秋、冬季,过渡带和绿洲内近地层沙尘水平通量和降尘量均随着高度增加而减小;春季是沙尘水平通量和降尘量集中的季节,其次为夏季,秋季和冬季相对较低;一年四季中,过渡带沙尘水平通量和降尘量均高于绿洲内。Deserts are the main source of dust storms in the surface layer,aeolian sand-dust transport is a serious problem in many arid and semi-arid regions in the world,and it is considered to be a significant part of global biogeochemical cycle.Aeolian dust transport processes are closely related to the variation of the height of near-surface horizontal and deposition dust flux.Ulan Buh Desert is one of the 8 largest deserts in China,and is also one of the important dust source regions in northern China.In this paper,fixed monitoring stations were set up in both the desert-oasis ecotone and the oasis at the northeast edge of Ulan Buh Desert,the near-surface（0-50 m） wind speed and sand-dust flux data obtained from the dust observation tower at the Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem Research Station of the State Forestry Administration in 2013 were analyzed to reveal the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of wind speed and sand-dust flux at the northeast edge of Ulan Buh Desert.The results showed as follows： 1） Both the average wind speed of the year and the average wind speed of different seasons of the near-surface layer in both desert-oasis ecotone and oasis increased with the increase of the height,and the wind speed profile characteristics could be expressed by power exponential function.The wind speed in the desert-oasis ecotone was significantly higher than that in the oasis.2） The near-surface horizontal sand-dust flux and dust-falling amount in both desert-oasis ecotone and oasis decreased with the increase of the height,and the distribution characteristics also accorded with power exponential function.The horizontal sand-dust flux in the oasis-desert ecotone was significantly higher than that in the oasis,which obviously indicated that the protection forest in the oasis has the effects of weakening the transportation of sand dust.The horizontal sand-dust flux and dust-falling amount in the desert-oasis ecotone had a linear correlation relationship,while the horizontal sand-dust flux and dus

关 键 词：风 速度 沙尘 近地层 水平通量 降尘量 乌兰布和沙漠 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]