清代教化体系及其变化——以清代华北府县为考察中心  

The Enlightenment System and Its Changes in the Qing Dynasty——Take Counties in Northern China in the Qing Dynasty as the Study Center

作　　者：陈丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学历史文化学院,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《沧州师范学院学报》2016年第4期1-5,共5页Journal of Cangzhou Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"明清华北地区府县历史文化研究与专题数据库建设"(子课题"明清华北府县与民间社会互动研究");编号:No.13&ZD091

摘　　要：教化是我国古代统治者实行社会控制的重要方式之一,教化体系是否能够平稳运作,不仅关系到社会的稳定,也关系到王朝的兴衰。清王朝以少数民族入主中原后,清政府借鉴了明朝的教化政策和实施办法,设计了本朝的官方、非官方和外围机构共同构成的清代基层社会教化组织结构,并各自发挥着自己的作用。鸦片战争爆发前后,传统的地方教化体系开始受到前所未有的挑战。从西方借鉴来的新的宣教主体和教化系统对传统宣教系统的冲击,以及传统教化体系自身弊端的出现,导致了清政府对地方基层的管理失控,这些也成为最终导致王朝覆灭的重要原因之一。Enlightenment is one of the important ways for rules to control the society in ancient China. Whether the enlightenment system can be operated smoothly is not only related to the stability of society, but also to the rise and fall of the dynasty. After minority nationalities settled down in the Central Plains in the Qing Dynasty and on the basis of the enlightenment policies of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing government implemented enlightenment organization of the official and non official and peripheral institutions at a primary level in the Qing Dynasty, which functioned well. Before and af- ter the outbreak of the Opium War, the traditional local enlightenment system began to be challenged. The subject of the west new enlightenment and enlightenment system had impact on the traditional enlightenment system and the drawbacks of the traditional enlightenment system at a primary level led to the management out of control from the Qing government, which became one of the major causes for the destruction of the Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：清代 教化 发展 冲击 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]