预聚体中羧基位置与聚氨酯乳液性能  

Effect of carboxyl location in prepolymer on polyurethane emulsion properties

作　　者：侯立杰[1,2] 董志方 徐帅[2] 谭建旺 单志华[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学皮革化学与工程教育部重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]烟台大学化学与化工学院,山东烟台264005 [3]山东省汽车内饰材料工程技术研究中心(正海公司),山东烟台264005

出　　处：《中国皮革》2017年第1期14-20,共7页China Leather

基　　金：烟台大学青年基金(HY13Z08);烟台正海合泰科技股份有限公司项(HY15H38)所提供支持

摘　　要：通过改变合成单体种类、配比及合成方法,合成了不同结构的聚氨酯预聚体并乳化为水性聚氨酯乳液(PUD),对乳液的粒径大小,固含量,耐酸、耐盐稳定性,电势以及羧基在乳液粒子的表面分布进行分析。结果表明:羧基在预聚体分子中的位置对PUD的分散性、稳定性及乳液粒子的溶胀有显著的影响。羧基未与长疏水链连接在一起所产生的分散效果最差、乳液不稳定;羧基位于两低聚物二元醇分子之间产生的分散效果稍好,但使乳液粒子产生较大的溶胀;而羧基靠近预聚体分子一端且与长疏水链连接在一起则产生良好乳化效果。虽然羧基均处于PUD乳液粒子表面,但乳液耐酸、耐电解质性能有明显差异,且与乳液粒子的电势大小无必然联系。The polyurethane （PU） prepolymers with different structures were synthesized by changing the hydro-philic monomer types, ratios and synthetic schemes. The synthetic polyurethane prepolymers were dispersed into waterborne polyurethanedispersion （PUD）. The average particle size, solid contents, acid resistance and electrolyte resistance of emulsion and the distribution of carboxyl on the surface of latex particles were analyzed. Results show ＇that there is significant impact of the carboxyl positions in prepolymers on the PUD dispersity, stability and swelling of the emulsion particles. The dispersion effect of PUD and the emulsion stability are the worst when carboxyl doesn＇ t connect with the long hydrophobic chain. PUD has a little dispersity and stability properties when carboxyl locates be- tween two -oligomer divalent alcohols, but will cause greater swelling of emulsion particles. As to the structure, in which carboxyl connecting with the long hydrophobic chain and at the end of prepolymer molecules, PUD shows excellent emulsifying effectiveness, fine particles size, good stability and smaller swelling of latex particles. Since all carboxyl locating on the surface of latex particles, the acid resistance and electrolyte resistance properties of PUD have obvious distinctions, and have no inevitable relation with electric potential.

关 键 词：水性聚氨酯 乳化 分散性 稳定性 预聚体结构 

分 类 号：TQ316.334[化学工程—高聚物工业]