正规教育与技能培训:何种人力资本更有利于农民工正规就业?  

Formal Education or Skill Training: Which Investment in Human Capital is More Beneficial to Formal Employment of Migrant Workers?

作　　者：王建[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院社会学系

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2017年第1期113-126,共14页China Rural Survey

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"户籍限制放开背景下促进农民工中小城市社会融合的社会管理和服务研究"(编号:13JZD018);浙江省统计重点研究课题的共同资助

摘　　要：人力资本是促进农民工正规就业、改善就业质量的重要因素之一。以往研究并未深入挖掘何种人力资本在提升农民工就业层次方面发挥着更为关键的作用。对此,本文基于城市农民工调查数据,在Logit模型基础上采用系数集束化的统计方法,比较了正规教育和技能培训两种人力资本对农民工正规就业影响的相对效果。研究发现:技能培训是影响农民工正规就业更为直接和有效的人力资本要素,其作用远远高于正规教育,但技能培训相对于正规教育的作用优势存在着明显的代际差异和职业分化特征。在代际差异上,对于两代农民工而言,技能培训的作用均高于正规教育,但在第一代农民工的就业中表现得更为明显。在职业分化上,技能培训所发挥的作用仍然高于正规教育,并且前者相对后者的优势会随着农民工"去体力化"的职业分化过程表现得愈发突出。Investment in human capital is important for promoting the formal employment of migrant workers. However, previous research has not provided an in-depth exploration of what forms of human capital play a more significant role in this regard. Based on a survey of migrant workers in cities, this article, by using the calculation of Sheaf Coefficients based on the logit model, compares the effects of investment in human capital by way of formal education and skill training on the formal employment of migrant workers. This study finds that, compared with formal education, skill training is more direct and effective in affecting theformal employment of migrant workers, but in the meanwhile, intergenerational differences and occupational differentiation are observed. In the aspect of intergenerational differences, for two generations of migrant workers, skill training is more effective than formal education, but this difference is more obvious for the employment of the first-generation of migrant workers. In the aspect of occupational differentiation, skill training still is more effective than formal education, and this relative advantage tends to become more prominent in case of changing to the non-physical labor occupations for migrant workers.

关 键 词：正规教育 技能培训 农民工正规就业 系数集束化 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理]