“知道”的叙实性及其置信度变异的语法环境  

On the factivity of zhidao( 知道) and its confidence variation under different grammatical environments

作　　者：李新良[1] 袁毓林[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学人文学院,杭州 [2]北京大学中文系/中国语言学研究中心/计算语言学教育部重点实验室,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2017年第1期42-52,共11页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“面向计算的现代汉语动词的叙实性研究”(批准号:15CYY035);国家社科基金重大招标项目“汉语国际教育背景下的汉语意合特征研究与大型知识库和语料库建设”(批准号:12&ZD175)的资助

摘　　要：本文选取不同类型的语法环境去测试"知道"的叙实功能,争取在较广的范围和较深的程度上对"知道"的叙实功能作出较为详尽的描写;着力弄清它预设宾语小句为真的叙实功能在各种句法语义环境下如何体现,并试图找到其叙实性的置信度变异的句法语义条件。文章先后选取了降级操作手段、主语的语义特征、疑问句以及非现实语气等不同类型的、由微观到宏观的句法语义环境去测试"知道"的叙实功能,得出的结论是:虽然"知道"的叙实性的置信度在有些语法环境下会增强或削弱,但总体来说,它预设其宾语小句为真的叙实功能还是比较稳定的,算是现代汉语中比较典型的叙实动词。This paper takes factive function of zhidao as the research object. We select different types of syntactic environment to test its factive function, in order to describe its factive function and its factivity confidence in a wider range and to deeper degrees. The authors try to find out the syntactic and semantic conditions in which factive function and factivity confidence variation of zhidao appears. The paper selectes a variety of syntactic and semantic environment to test factive function and factivity confidence of zhidao, such as downgrade operation,semantic features of the subjects, interrogative sentence and irrealis mood. The conclusion is that with its factive function being relatively stable despite the variations in certain syntactic and semantic environments, zhidao is a typical factive verb in modern Chinese.

关 键 词：叙实功能 (叙实性)置信度 降级操作 主语语义特征 疑问句 非现实语气 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]