冻融循环对多年冻土区石油迁移影响试验研究  

Experimental study of the influences of freeze-thaw cycles on migration process of petroleum contaminants in permafrost regions

作　　者：张鹏[1,2] 李春城[3] 李国玉 王学力[4] 王飞 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学交通学院,江苏南京210009 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]南京南大岩土建设工程有限公司,江苏南京210000 [4]中国石油管道公司加格达奇输油气分公司,黑龙江加格达奇165000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2016年第5期1325-1331,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41672310);国家重点研发计划专项(2016YFC0802103);冻土工程国家重点实验室课题(SKLFSEZY-16;SKLFSE201302);中科院寒旱所STS项目(HHS-TSS-STS-1502);中国科学院西部之光项目(李国玉)资助

摘　　要：多年冻土区石油污染物迁移过程和特点、污染定量评价、防治和治理措施研发,都是目前寒区经济发展和能源开发迫切需要解决的重要课题.通过室内试验对土体温度场分布、水分分布和石油总量分布的监测分析,研究了冻融循环作用对迁移过程的影响机制.试验结果表明,冻融循环作用通过影响石油污染物本身的物理性质、土颗粒对石油污染物的吸附作用和土体内水相的分布和相状态,影响了石油污染物的迁移过程.原油黏度随温度的降低逐渐增加,使得原油在土体中的迁移能力降低.冻融循环是油水迁移的主要驱动力之一,随着冻融循环的增加,石油污染物和水分向上迁移并聚集,石油随土样高度增加逐渐减小,而水分随高度增加而增加且在一定的位置聚集.研究成果可为多年冻土区石油污染迁移过程和定量评价及防治治理提供重要基础和参考.Migration processes and properties, quantitative evaluation, mitigation and remediation techniques of petroleum pollutants in permafrost regions need to research urgently. A series of laboratory experiments have been conducted for simulating and studying migration processes of petroleum pollutants in soils, which have subjected freeze-thaw cycles. The research mainly focused on the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the migration processes by monitoring and analyzing the soil temperature distribution, the moisture distribution, total oil contents at different depths and oil components distribution in soil. The test results show that the freezing and tha- wing cycles influence the physical properties, the absorption effect of hydrocarbon contaminants by soil particles, distribution and phase state of water in soil specimens. In turn, it influences the migration processes of petroleum pollutants. These findings are useful for better understanding oil migration in permafrost regions, for quantitatively evaluating contamination range and for developing mitigation and remediation techniques.

关 键 词：多年冻土 石油污染物 中俄原油管道 冻融循环 石油迁移 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]