干旱区县域土地覆被变化特征及其生态环境效应——以内蒙古自治区翁牛特旗为例  

County-scaled Change of Land Cover in Arid Region and Its Ecological Environmental Effects—A Case Study in Wengniute Banner,Inner Mongolia

作　　者：肖涛[1] 韩广[1] 韩华瑞 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,湖南长沙410081 [2]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2016年第6期240-246,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"西辽河平原河岸沙丘带形成演化模式的研究"(41271025);湖南省重点学科(地理学)建设项目(2012001)

摘　　要：[目的]研究翁牛特旗的土地利用变化特征及其生态环境效应,为该地区生态环境重建提供支持。[方法]选取2006及2015年8月Landsat卫星影像,通过ENVI 5.1提取出翁牛特旗土地利用数据,进而利用土地利用动态度、土地利用类型的空间转移矩阵,以及生物丰度指数、生态系统服务价值和敏感性指数,分别对翁牛特旗土地利用结构的时空演化特征和生态环境效应进行分析。[结果](1)翁牛特旗主要土地利用类型为耕地、林地、草地和沙地,近10a来该旗的土地利用变化呈现为耕地、草地、建设用地增加,林地、沙地和水体面积减少的态势。(2)10a间生物丰度指数从2006年的43.47下降为2015年的42.69,降低1.79%,表明区域的生物量减少,不利于生物多样性发展;生态系统服务总价值从2006年的102.31亿元下降至2015年的98.47亿元,减少了3.84亿元,下降了3.75%,生态环境基本维持着平衡,总体上呈现出微弱的退化。(3)各种土地利用类型的敏感性指数(CS)均小于1,表明研究区生态系统服务价值对于生态服务价值系数不敏感、缺乏弹性。[结论]研究区林地、水体面积的减少,建设用地面积的增加是生态系统服务总价值减少的主要原因。研究区土地利用变化引起的生态系统服务价值和生物丰度的减少,加剧了当地生态环境的脆弱性。[Objective] The characteristics of land use change and the comprehensive effects on eco-environment were assessed to provide a support for ecological reconstruction of the study area.[Methods] Based on the Landsat images of August 2006 and 2015, land use data of Wengniute Banner was extracted with ENVI 5.1.Indicators as land use dynamic degree, and land use type of spatial transfer matrix, and biological richness index, ecosystem service value and sensitivity index, spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and ecological environment effects of Wengniute Banner, Inner Mongolia were used.[Results] （1） The main land use types of Wengniute Banner were farmland, woodland, grassland and sandy land. In recent 10 years, farmland, grassland, construction land increased remarkably; while woodland, sandy land and water area manifested a decreasing trend. （2） Biological abundance index decreased from 43.47 in 2006 to 42.69 in 2015, reduced 1.97%. This is not beneficial to the development of bio-diversity; The total value of ecosystem services declined from 1.023 1×10^10 yuan to 9.847 0×10^9 yuan during 2006 to 2015, decreased amount and rate were 3.84×10^8 yuan and 3.75%, respectively. Generally, the ecological environment maintains largely a balance, but with a slight degradation; （3） The sensitivity coefficients of various land use types were less than 1, indicating that the ecosystem service value is not sensitive to the coefficient, lacking flexibility.[Conclusion] In the study area, the sharp decrease of ecosystem service value can be attributed to the decrease of woodland and water area, and the increase of construction land. The decreased ecosystem service value and biological abundance resulted from land use change will exacerbate the vulnerability of local ecological environment.

关 键 词：翁牛特旗 土地利用变化 生态服务价值 敏感性指数 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]