西安市2014—2015学年营养改善计划地区中小学生营养状况  

Nutritional status among students who benefit from "nutrition improvement program" in Xi'an in 2014-2015 school year

作　　者：刘萍[1] 张峰[1] 吴小燕[1] 范静[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省西安市疾病预防控制中心,710054

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第12期1779-1781,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的 了解西安市享受“义务教育学生营养改善计划”（以下简称“计划”）学生的营养状况,为学生营养改善工作提供科学依据。方法 随机抽取西安市5个区县,每个区县抽取10%-20%的小学生和初中生,共15 397名享受“计划”的学生纳入研究。按照统一方法测量学生的身高和体重。结果 男生营养不良率为8.5%（生长迟缓率为1.4%,消瘦率为7.2%）,超重率为14.2%,肥胖率为8.7%。女生营养不良率为6.6%（生长迟缓率为1.3%,消瘦率为5.3%）,超重率为10.2%,肥胖率为6.1%。男生营养不良率高于女生（χ^2=20.0,P〈0.05）,人数在500-1 000人之间的学校学生营养不良率较高（9.9%）（χ^2=42.3,P〈0.05）,食堂供餐学生营养不良率较高（9.0%）（χ^2=26.4,P〈0.05）。超重肥胖检出率在不同性别、学段、学校规模、地区及供餐模式间差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。结论 西安市享受“计划”的学生营养不良与超重肥胖同时存在。应重点关注食堂供餐及人数在500-1 000人学校的学生营养不良状况及城区学生的超重肥胖状况。Objective To analyze nutritional status among students in Xi＇an who benefit from nutrition improvement pro- gram for the compulsory education students, to provide reference basis for student nutrition improvement. Methods Five districts were selected randomly in Xi＇an, about 10%-20% primary and junior middle schools were selected randomly from nutrition improvement program. A total of 15 397 primary and junior high school students were selected. Height and weight were measured ac- cording to the standard methods. Results Malnutrition rate of 6-15 years old boys was 8.5%（1.4% for prevalence rate of stunting, 7.2% for prevalence rate of wasting）. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was14.2% and 8.7%, respectively. Malnutrition rate of 6-15 years old girls was 6.6% （ 1.3% for the prevalence rate of stunting, 5.3% for the prevalence rate of wasting）. The preva-lence of overweight and obesity was 10.2% and 6.1%, respectively. The malnutrition rate was higher in boys than girls（ 8.5% and 6.6%） （P〈0.05）. The malnutrition rate was 9.9%, higher in the school whose number of students was 500-1 000（P〈0.05）. The malnutrition rate was 9.0%, higher in schools which provide meals （P〈0.05） . Statistical difference of total prevalence of overweight and obesity was significant in groups（P〈0.05）, such as sex, different scales of school, different area and different pattern of meals providing. Conclusion In addition to the presence of malnutrition to students who benefit from nutrition improvement program, overweight and obesity also exist. Attention should he paid to malnutrition of students who get meals from school and schools whose number of students is 500-1 000. It should be focused on overweight and obesity of students in urban.

关 键 词：营养状况 超重 肥胖症 学生 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R195[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]