太原市中小学生视力保护相关态度及对视力不良的影响  

Attitudes on protecting eyesight and the impact on visual acuity among primary and middle school students

作　　者：郝志红[1] 唐颖[1] 胡瑞杰[1] 马兴爱[1] 邢玉梅[1] 王莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学公共卫生学院,太原030001

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第12期1801-1803,1807,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解太原市中小学生视力保护相关态度及其与视力不良发生的关系,为开展针对性的视力保健健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,选取太原市1 455名城乡中小学生进行视力保护相关态度问卷调查和视力检查。结果中小学生视力保护相关态度总得分女生(15.09±2.04)高于男生(14.67±2.53),郊县区学生(15.03±2.25)高于城区学生(14.76±2.32),视力正常组学生高于各视力不良组学生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),总得分优秀率为62.5%(910/1 455)。97.7%的学生认为保护视力很重要,91.3%的学生愿意为了保护视力改掉一些不良习惯,54.6%的学生认为不规律的饮食习惯会影响视力,52.4%已近视的学生愿意配戴眼镜。"是否愿意配戴眼镜"视力正常组学生正向态度率(54.5%)高于轻中度视力不良组学生(41.5%,45.0%),而低于重度视力不良组学生(57.1%);"认为不规律的饮食习惯会影响视力""认为挑食、偏食会影响视力",学生正向态度率随视力状况严重程度的增加而升高(P值均<0.05)。愿意为了保护视力而改掉一些不良习惯的学生发生视力不良的风险是不愿意的28.2%,赞同不规律的饮食习惯会影响视力的学生发生视力不良的风险是不赞同的1.873倍,担心自己视力变差的学生发生视力不良的风险是不担心的1.726倍,认为做眼保健操对保护视力作用很大的学生发生视力不良的风险是认为无作用的16.6%。结论学生对视力保护总体持正向态度,但在近视后配戴眼镜、饮食习惯对视力的影响等方面仍存在不足。学校、社会应针对性加强学生视力保健相关态度的健康教育。Objective To investigate the attitudes on protecting eyesight and its possible impacts on visual acuity among primary and middle school students in Shanxi Province. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling was adopted to select 1 455 primary and middle students from urban and rural areas. Questionnaire and visual acuity measurement were conducted in this survey. Results The excellent rate of attitudes score on protecting eyesight was 62.5%; the score were significantly higher in girls （15.09±2.04）, rural students （15.03±2.25） and normal vision group than in boys（14.67±2.53）, urban students （14.76±2.32） and each poor visual acuity group（P〈0.05）. About 97.7% of the students believed that it was important to protect eyesight while 91.3% were willing to get rid of some bad habits in order to protect eyesight. Only 54.6% of the students believed that irregular eat- ing habits could have a negative effect on protecting eyesight; 52.4% were willing to wear glasses when they are near sighted, the rate was higher among normal vision group than that of mild to moderate poor visual acuity group, but lower than severely poor visu- al acuity group. In the three questions of that ＂Do you think irregular eating habits will have a negative effect on protecting eye-sight＂, ＂Do you think the habit of partial eclipse, picky eaters will have a negative effect on protecting eyesight＂, the rate of atti- tudes on protecting eyesight gradually increased with the severity of visual acuity. Conclusion Highly positive attitude towards eye protection is found among students, but the rate is still relatively lower in wearing glasses and eating habits. Schools should focus on strengthening students＂ vision health education in wearing glasses and eating habits.

关 键 词：视力 低 健康教育 回归分析 中小学生卫生保健服务 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R778.11[文化科学—教育技术学]