学生用橡皮擦邻苯二甲酸脂类塑化剂含量调查  

Phthalic acid content in rubber erasers

作　　者：陈建军[1] 刁春霞[2] 孙玉萍[1] 叶平 姜文忠[1] 叶俊[1] 王文 

机构地区：[1]江苏省泰州市卫生监督所学校卫生监督科,225300 [2]泰州市疾病预防控制中心 [3]国家精细化学品质量监督检验中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第12期1863-1864,共2页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：泰州市社会发展计划项目(TS201635)

摘　　要：目的 了解泰州市学生用橡皮擦中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂含量,为有效控制塑化剂在橡皮擦中的使用提供科学依据。方法 2014年8月和2015年7月,分2批在泰州橡皮销售市场（覆盖3市3区）进行购样,共购买了77份样品,并对收集的数据进行统计分析。结果 77份样品中,塑化剂含量超标主要是邻苯二甲酸酯类（2-乙基己基酯,DEHP）,37份样品中DEHP＋邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）＋邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯（BBP）总和含量超标,合格率为52%。泰州市场售卖的橡皮擦主要来自于浙江、广东、上海3个地区,其中有48.1%的橡皮擦含有塑化剂。不同地区间橡皮擦塑化剂含量合格率分别为52.2%,52.9%,43.8%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.005,P=0.861）,白、彩、黑3种不同颜色的橡皮擦合格率分别为57.7%,51.1%,33.3%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.189,P=0.552）。大型超市、批发市场、校园周边各购买点橡皮擦合格率分别为33.3%,50.0%,61.5%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=4.018,P=0.134）。结论 大部分企业生产的橡皮擦含有塑化剂。需制定橡皮擦中塑化剂含量标准,改进橡皮擦生产工艺,同时强化政府监管和建立风险监测体系。Objective To assess the phthalic acid in rubber erasers in Taizhou in order to offer the scientific basis for ef- fective control of plasticizer usage in the eraser. Methods According to the Guidelines on Student Supplies Risk Monitoring, plastic erasers were collected and tested. Results Plasticizer in rubber erasers was mainly phthalic acid （2-ethyl hexyl ester DEHP）. Thirty-seven out of 77 testing sample of erasers had excessive amount of DEHP, DBP and BBP, mainly produced from Zhejiang, Guangdong and Shanghai. The eligible rate in different districts was 52.2%, 52.9% and 43.8%, respectively（χ^2= 1.005, P〉0.05）. There was no difference in qualified rate among the white, black and multicolor erasers（ 57.7%, 51.1% and 33.3%） （X2= 1.189, P 〉0.05）, and in different purchasing locations（χ^2=4.018, P〉0.05）. Conclusion Nearly eighty percent of the enterprises produce the eraser containing plasticizer. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the use of plasticizer in rubber eraser and strengthen supervision and monitoring system.

关 键 词：脂类 二乙基乙基邻苯二甲酸 组织和管理 

分 类 号：G478.1[文化科学—教育学]