目标出现概率、目标有无和时间压力对视觉搜索绩效的影响  

Effects of Target Prevalence,Target Presence and Time Pressure on Visual Search Performance

作　　者：杨林栋[1] 宋馥璇 张运红[2] 于瑞峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学工业工程系,北京100084 [2]中国标准化研究院人类工效学实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《工业工程》2016年第6期83-88,122,共7页Industrial Engineering Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71471098);中国标准化研究院中央基本科研业务费项目(522015Y-3991)

摘　　要：生产生活中很多视觉搜索任务是在低目标出现概率、有时间压力的条件下进行的。本研究分析了目标出现概率、目标有无和时间压力对视觉搜索任务绩效的影响。实验将目标出现概率作为组间变量,目标有无和时间压力作为组内变量,进行了完全2×2×2因子实验设计。结果表明时间压力和低目标出现概率会显著降低搜索时间、凝视时间和凝视次数。目标有无和时间压力、目标有无和目标出现概率对搜索时间的影响交互效应显著。时间压力和目标出现概率对搜索时间的影响交互效应不显著,但对凝视时间和凝视次数的影响交互效应显著。实验结果对于视觉搜索作业任务设计,尤其是如安检等有时间压力、低目标出现概率的作业任务设计具有指导意义。Many real-world visual search tasks are performed under low target prevalence and time pressure conditions. The present study conducted a 2 ×2 ×2 mixed experiment design with target prevalence being a between-subject factor, and target presence and time pressure within-subject factors. Reaction time and eye movement data were recorded and analyzed. It was found that reaction time, fixation times and duration had significant decrease with time pressure and low target prevalence. The interaction effects of time pressure and target presence, target prevalence and target presence on reaction time were significant. The interaction effect of target prevalence and time pressure on reaction time was not significant, but the two variables＇ interaction effects on fixation times and duration were significant. The findings provide guidelines to designing visual search tasks under low prevalence and time pressure conditions.

关 键 词：目标出现概率 目标有无 时间压力 视觉搜索 绩效 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]