武汉市某高校大学生营养与健康知识-态度-行为状况调查  

The knowledge, attitude and behavior of nutrition and health of college students in Wuhan

作　　者：徐蕊[1] 李文芳[1] 张博轩[1] 荣爽[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学公共卫生学院,湖北武汉430065

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第2期231-235,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2014年中国营养学会营养科研基金--帝斯曼专项科研基金;2014-052(CNS-DSM)

摘　　要：目的了解武汉科技大学612名大学生的营养知识、态度、行为现状,探讨影响大学生营养状况的因素,为促进大学生营养与健康宣教提供依据。方法对综合性大学-武汉科技大学进行随机整群抽样,自制营养与健康KAP调查问卷。Epi Data3.1录入和SPSS17.0数据统计分析。结果共发放问卷612份,回收率和有效率分别为100.00%和99.51%。其中男生370名,女生239名。在校大学生营养知识掌握情况和饮食行为较差,平均得分为(31.31±4.84)分和(21.87±4.73)分。绝大多数学生营养态度较为积极且愿意改变不良的饮食习惯。性别和专业是影响大学生营养与健康认知KAP得分等级的主要因素,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。父母、月饮食消费记录和BMI等级均不是影响大学生营养与健康认知的影响因子。营养知识得分与饮食行为和态度得分均有显著正相关性,r=0.223和r=0.197(P<0.01)。提示营养知识知晓率高的学生,其饮食行为和态度得分优于营养知识知晓率低的学生。结论武汉科技大学在校大学生营养知识较为缺乏,饮食行为不合理,但均有积极的学习态度。应采取多种形式的多媒体化及专业系统营养学课程及讲座宣教,对大学生进行营养知识宣教和饮食行为的引导,形成科学的膳食认知和结构。Objective This work was to explore the status of nutritional knowledge-attitude-practice （KAP） among 612 college students in Wuhan University of Science and Technology and to investigate the influencing factors, so as to provide evidence for the promotion of nutrition and health education. Methods Self-designed questionnaires were distributed to college students randomly selected by cluster sampling from Wuhan University of Science and Technology, which is a comprehensive university, to investigate their nutritional KAP status. Statistical analysis of the surveywere conducted by using EpiData3.1 and SPSS17.0. Results A total of 612 questionnaires were issued, including 370 to boys and 239 to girls. The recovery rate and the effective rate were 100% and 99.51%, respectively. Among college students, nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior were a little weak, with an the average scores of 30.73 ±4.61 and 21.9 ±4.7, respectively. The vast majority of students were positive in attitude, willing to receive more knowledge about nutrition and health. Gender and profession were the main influencing factors, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.01）. The cognition of nutrition and health did not differ withthe education of parents, monthly food consumption records and BMI grades. There was a significant positive correlation between the score of nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior, nutritional knowledge and attitude, with r=0.212 and r=0.164 （P〈0.01）, repsectively. College students with high awareness of nutrition knowledge showed better behavior and attitude score than those of low awareness rate. Conclusion Presently, college students in Wuhan University of Science and Technology have low nutritional knowledge and unreasonable dietary behavior, but most of them have the positive attitude. Multimedia and professional nutritional education should be performed to improve their nutritional knowledge level, so as to form a scientific diet structure.

关 键 词：大学生 营养知识 饮食行为 饮食态度 营养教育 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]