2000—2015年国家黄淮和北部冬麦区域试验品种品质分析  

Quality Variation of National Tested Varieties in Northern Winter Wheat Region and Yellow-Huai River Valley Winter Wheat Region from 2000 to 2015

作　　者：胡学旭[1] 孙丽娟[1] 周桂英[1] 吴丽娜[1] 陆伟[1] 李为喜[1] 王爽[1] 杨秀兰[1] 宋敬可[1] 王步军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部谷物产品质量安全风险评估实验室(北京),北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2016年第24期4677-4686,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：农业技术试验示范专项经费(2130106-2-15)

摘　　要：【目的】分析各区试组小麦品种品质差异和年度品质变化,探讨各区试组品质育种存在的问题和发展趋势。【方法】对2000—2015年北部冬麦区和黄淮冬麦区985个参试品种的容重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀指数和面团流变学特性进行测定,分析各区试组强筋品种、中强筋品种和中筋品种比例及8个主要品质性状变化。【结果】各区试组参试品种以中筋品种为主,平均占品种量78%;强筋品种和中强筋品种比例较小,各占11%。区试组之间各品种类型比例存在差异,从参试品种看,黄淮冬麦区北片水地组(13%)、黄淮冬麦区南片冬水组(11%)和黄淮冬麦区南片春水组(16%)的强筋品种比例高于北部冬麦区组(6%)和黄淮冬麦区旱地组(7%);黄淮冬麦区南片冬水组(20%)的中强筋品种比例最大,北部冬麦区组(5%)比例最小。从审定品种看,黄淮冬麦区南片冬水组强筋品种(4%)和中强筋品种(10%)比例最大,其次为黄淮冬麦区南片春水组(3%、6%);黄淮冬麦区南片冬水组(17%)和黄淮冬麦区南片春水组(19%)中筋品种比例高于其他区试组。受区试组品种结构影响,各区试组小麦质量总体表现为中筋品质,蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量平均值较高,而沉淀指数、稳定时间、拉伸面积和最大拉伸阻力平均值一般。区试组之间参试品种品质差异较大,黄淮冬麦区北片水地组、黄淮冬麦区南片冬水组和春水组容重平均值高于北部冬麦区组和黄淮冬麦区旱地组,而蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量与之相反;北部冬麦区组强筋品种和中强筋品种稳定时间平均值高于其他区试组;黄淮冬麦区春水组各类型品种拉伸面积和最大拉伸阻力平均值均高于其他区试组。各区试组品质性状年度变化趋势大致相同:容重、稳定时间、拉伸面积和最大拉伸阻力呈上升趋势,吸水量呈下降趋势,蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量呈持平趋势,沉淀指数【Objective】 The present study was conducted to analyze the quality variation of tested varieties in regional trials in Northern winter wheat region and Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat region,and to discuss the status and trends of wheat quality improvement in breeding process.【Method】 Test weight,protein content of grain,wet gluten content and sedimentation index of flour,rheological properties of 1 418 samples,from 985 tested varieties in seven groups,were detected,and quality variations of strong gluten,medium-strong gluten and medium gluten varieties in each group were analyzed.【Result】 The percentages of strong gluten,medium-strong gluten and medium gluten varieties in each group were varied,and the ratio of medium gluten varieties was 78% in average,while those of strong gluten and strong-medium gluten were relatively low,with an average of 11%,respectively.Ratios of strong gluten in irrigation group in northern part of Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat region（13%）,winter-wheat-irrigation group in southern part of Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat region（11%）,and spring-wheat-irrigation group in southern part of Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat region（16%） were higher than those in Northern winter wheat region（6%） and dryland group in Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat region（7%）,and the ratio of medium-strong gluten in winter-wheat-irrigation group in southern part of Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat region（20%） was higher than any other groups,while the ratio in Northern winter wheat region（5%） was the lowest.For the approved varieties,the ratio of strong gluten varieties（4%） and strong-medium gluten varieties（10%） in winter-wheat-irrigation group in southern part of Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat region was the highest among 7 groups,and those of spring-wheat-irrigation group in southern part of Yellow-Huai River Valley winter wheat region were followed by 3% and 6%,respectively,and the ratio of medium gluten varieties in wi

关 键 词：冬小麦 品种 品质 区试 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]