农作物镉积累的品种差异及其机理研究进展  

Research Progress on Difference of Cd Accumulating Pattern and Its Mechanism Among Crop Varieties

作　　者：张蕾[1] 吴隆坤[2] 李博骞 吴思[1] 王健欣 

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学生命科学学院,辽宁沈阳110034 [2]沈阳师范大学粮食学院,辽宁沈阳110034

出　　处：《北方园艺》2017年第2期184-190,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年资助项目(31600410);沈阳师范大学生态与环境研究中心主任基金资助项目(EERC-P-201502);沈阳师范大学校内资助项目(054-51500401)

摘　　要：我国土壤重金属污染严重,低积累品种的选育可以降低土壤重金属向人类食物链的转入风险,用于解决污染土壤上的食品安全生产问题。目前关于镉低积累品种筛选的研究包括水稻、大白菜、辣椒、花生、甘薯、向日葵和烟草等数10种农作物,不同品种的作物对镉表现出提取和在不同部位间的分配差异,并且可能影响营养元素的吸收。不同品种作物根系中的Cd离子吸收相关蛋白的表达、根系形态和根系分泌物都会影响作物对Cd的提取情况;植物输导组织的作用影响Cd在各部位的分配;在植物的不同亚细胞组分中镉含量不同,这可能与不同品种作物对Cd胁迫采取的适应策略不同有关。为了进一步促进镉低积累作物的选育工作,今后应加强应用研究。Heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental and health problem.Selection and breeding of low cadmium cultivars has been used to minimize the influx of cadmium（Cd）into the human food chain,and thus help solve food security problems.Currently researches of low-Cd-cultivars selection included those of dozens kinds of crops,such as rice,cabbage,peppers,peanuts,sweet potatoes,sunflower and tobacco.Extraction from soil and distribution in different parts was distinct in different cultivars,and meanwhile Cd in crops might affect the absorption of nutrient.Expression of Cd uptake-associated protein,root morphology and root exudates affected Cd extraction in different cultivars.Conducting tissue played an important role in Cd distribution in diffent part of crops.Subcellular cadmium distribution in cultivars was varified,and might be related to the different strategies of different cultivars to withstand Cd stress.For futher selection and breeding of low Cd cultivars,application study should be further strengthened in future research.

关 键 词：低积累 镉排异型品种 机理研究 土壤污染 重金属污染 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]